Direction of Arrival Estimation system for Rescue using RF Source Detection
Recently, numerous sorts of radio communication and sensing frameworks utilizing microwave and millimeter wave are effectively developed. Our project describes a new edge detection system that can be used in a range of applications in Radio Frequencies (RF). In these systems, highly integrated
2025-06-28 16:32:10 - Adil Khan
Direction of Arrival Estimation system for Rescue using RF Source Detection
Project Area of Specialization Information & Communication TechnologyProject SummaryRecently, numerous sorts of radio communication and sensing frameworks utilizing microwave and millimeter wave are effectively developed. Our project describes a new edge detection system that can be used in a range of applications in Radio Frequencies (RF). In these systems, highly integrated wireless devices having a function of RF signal processing are required for miniaturization and simplification.
Figure 1: Block diagram of phase array antenna.
A linear phased array antenna for Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation is designed for the proposed system. This phased array antenna consists of four dipole antennas, each of dimension unit wavelength (1 ?) and the separation is 0.5 ? between them. This antenna works in ISM-Band at the frequency of 2.4 GHz. In the DOA estimation, the arrival angle from RF source is obtained by estimating path differences of received signals on each element. The array antenna estimates position of RF source using Multi Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm, without operating RF devices by human itself. This algorithm is efficient to differentiate signals of multiple RF sources. The data is collected from array antenna and the position of RF is determined using MATALB interface. In this manner, the position of RF source is obtained and visualized using google map API.
Figure 2: Generalized block diagram of proposed project.
Project ObjectivesDuring any search or rescue operation, it is very arduous to find exact location of the victims. Relating that situation, the aim of our project is to design a phase array antenna and develop the algorithm to find the location of RF sources.
The prime objectives of the project are:
- Objective 1: To design and fabricate the phase array antenna.
- Objective 2: To develop the algorithm to find the location of RF sources from the data obtained.
- Objective 3: To develop a prototype to demonstrate the application of this system in a search and rescue mission.
- Generating Algorithm in MATLAB:
We are going to start with the basic understanding of Radar principles and doppler shift equations. Then we are going to write algorithm in MATLAB simulator to find Time Of Arrival (TOA) of RF sources. Which gives the approximated location, that how far the RF source is detected. We will extend our script by adding multiple antennas to form an Array algorithm for finding DOA. Each antenna in the array has different phase. This variation in phase on each antenna can be helpful to find TOA of signal. The DOA and TOA are used to determine the distance and angle of RF source. By adding some mathematical equations, the coordinates (latitudes and longitudes) of RF source can be calculated. The position of RF source can be pointed in Google map API through MATLAB script.
- Simulation and Fabrication of Phased Array Antenna
We will design phase array antenna using Advance Design System (ADS) software and optimize at the required frequency of 2.4 GHz. The simulated array antenna is fabricated on PCB board. Then the fabricated antenna is tested through Vector Network Analyzer (VNA).
- Experiments and Testing
The fabricated antenna is then interface with MATLAB and experiments will be performed. After testing the functionality of this embedded device, a detailed report will be written. The report will contain all testing results, simulation results, and a proper guideline to operate device.
Benefits of the ProjectPersonal benefits:
- It can be used for real time detection of any RF source within the range of 100 meters.
- Any unregistered RF source can be easily traced using this embedded device.
For the society:
- A novel technology to locate RF devices more accurately.
- An alternative solution of RF source tracking, better than Global Positioning System (GPS).
- The device will be commercially available for specific organizations like Police, Pak-Army, Pak-Air Force, Pak-Navy and other civil/defense departments.
- Also available for private organizations on special request.
- A prototype of phased array antenna
- A device accurately tested and working properly.
- A complete in-detail report of project, containing MATLAB script of algorithm for RF source detection, simulation results, limitations, advantages, disadvantages and other specifications of the project.
- Phased array antenna integrated with MATLAB software, to analyze and calculate the location of RF sources in real time.
- The device operating in ISM-band at the frequency of 2.4 GHz.
- The device tracking multiple RF sources under the boundary of 100meters (outdoor) range.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 74170 | |||
| RT Duroid (substrate) | Equipment | 10 | 2781 | 27810 |
| SMD resistors and capacitors | Equipment | 35 | 10 | 350 |
| SMA connectors | Equipment | 26 | 500 | 13000 |
| FR4 (substrate) | Equipment | 10 | 180 | 1800 |
| All chemicals | Equipment | 1 | 6500 | 6500 |
| Glossy paper and printing | Equipment | 30 | 120 | 3600 |
| Soldering kit | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| PCB Cutter | Equipment | 1 | 1800 | 1800 |
| Electic Iron (1000W) | Equipment | 1 | 7500 | 7500 |
| Google Map API (key) | Equipment | 1 | 310 | 310 |
| Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |