DIALYZER REPROCESSING UNIT FOR PATIENT WITH ESRD

Hemodialysis is a treatment to filter wastes and water from the blood, as your kidneys did when they were healthy. In the heart of the purifying process lies an exchanging apparatus called the Dialyzer, where it acts as a semipermeable membrane for the blood metabolic constituents to get eliminated

Project Title

DIALYZER REPROCESSING UNIT FOR PATIENT WITH ESRD

Project Area of Specialization

Biomedical Engineering

Project Summary

Hemodialysis is a treatment to filter wastes and water from the blood, as your kidneys did when they were healthy. In the heart of the purifying process lies an exchanging apparatus called the Dialyzer, where it acts as a semipermeable membrane for the blood metabolic constituents to get eliminated from the system, and sometimes excess water is also eliminated based on the patient’s condition. These dialyzers are available in the commercial market in two variants, one as a disposable and another as a reusable, where the latter can be multiple cycles of purification. To be useful for multiple times or multiple cycles, a dialyzer is put in the dialyzer reprocessing unit (DRU). A DRU will ensure that the biological fluid is cleaned and disinfected with various fluids, filled with bacteria repellent fluid for later usage. The entire process of reprocessing includes electronic components for the control of instruments such as 1. Power supply. 2. Microcontroller. 3. LEDs. 4. Relays. 5. Dialyzer with a semipermeable membrane. The total surface area of the dialyzer for dialysis is 1.3 m2. This is a hollow fiber dialyzer used in Controlled ultrafiltration mode.

Project Objectives

DRUs are increasingly expensive in commercial aspects, but by this method, a low-cost dialyzer reprocessing prototype has been fabricated. The said procedure is carried out in the safe governance of a dialyzer person. This procedure will safeguard from improper reuse of a dialyzer.

Project Implementation Method

The complete process of cleaning or sterilization involves three steps through microcontroller development board and developer board for power supply to relays and external power supply to 10 psi water pump. To first cleanse/ clean or to remove any blood constituents from the dialyzer, R.O was pumped for 15 seconds. In the second step, hydrogen peroxide was pumped into the dialyzer for 10 seconds to sterilize it for possible pathogens, bacteria.  In the final step, formalin is pumped for three seconds and filled; this serves as a storing fluid to keep the bacteria away from polluting the dialyzer until ready for next usage. Relays for switching on, in the building of the circuit and microcontroller was used for controlling the relay switches and solenoid valves.

Benefits of the Project

It will reduce the raw materials that are used in the case of the disposable dialyzers and reduce the manufacturing costs. This in turn also reduces the cost of emissions, disposal costs, and landfilling wastes. Moreover, if this is compared to the generally used sterilant i.e., Renalin breaks down natural products into by-products such as acetic acid, water, and oxygen.

Another advantage of the Dialyzer reprocessing is that it can lower the slight rejection of the dialyzer after the first use. This is because, during the blood’s first contact with the dialyzer’s semipermeable membrane, the immune system will have some slight rejection. The rejection by the immune system is lowered further as the dialyzer is reused.

It has been thought that for the system to be more efficient in terms of cost, instead of pumping the dialyzer with hydrogen peroxide and formalin, they can be filled normally. i.e., by the help of gravity.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

We will use microcontroller and solenoid valves in this project, Solenoid valves help to control the flow of liquid. These valves are incorporated into the equipment so that the equipment can be used safely and efficiently. With the help of ducts and tubes, the liquid will flow in three different compartments to clean them.

12v and 5v dc power supplies are used, the microcontroller will consume 5v for working and sending signals to relays for switching on/off, Relays are electric switches that use electromagnetism to convert small electrical stimuli into larger currents. These conversions occur when electrical inputs activate electromagnets to either form or break existing circuits We will burn the code on-chip, which will cause delays for durations of cleansing and stoppage.

For hardware work, we will use electrical wires which will flow current throughout the circuit. And components will be attached by soldering wires.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Medical

Other Industries

Health

Core Technology

Shared Economy

Other Technologies

Clean Tech

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Decent Work and Economic Growth

Required Resources

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