DFIM based Wind Turbine

Project Title

DFIM based Wind Turbine

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Summary

Wind is not a new terminology for humans. Mankind have been using wind that can be traced back to 3000 years. In earlier times, humans were mostly using wind for agricultural, irrigation and navigation purposes however, fossil fuels were the main source of power production.  Wind is the result of an air pressure gradient. It is generated due to the changes in the temperature of different areas. Land and sea have different composition which give them unique temperature characteristics. A lot of modern-day offshore wind turbines structures have been taken from the oil and gas industry like jacket, triple and tripod structures.

Onshore wind turbines are referred to the turbines that are constructed and located on lands. They are cheaper to construct and one of the most affordable renewable source of power generation. Offshore wind turbines are referred to the wind turbines that are constructed in sea or oceans. Higher wind speeds are available and hence, offshore wind turbines are capable to produce more power.

Wind speed is more at higher altitudes and they have a significant effect on the overall output power of the wind turbine. Taller the wind turbine experiences higher wind speeds, which in return can yield more power.

We are going to design a vertical axis wind turbine because There are many characteristics to increase the efficiency. Which is velocity, speed ratio, aspect ratio etc. For increasing the efficiency of wind turbine and the power production this experiment is conducted. Horizontal axis wind turbine is low efficient because the blades produce the drag and turbulent force. The main task of the study to developed the vertical wind turbine.

Wind turbine is a machine that utilizes the wind power to generate electricity by converting the kinetic energy of the wind in to the mechanical energy. It is a complex structure which is manufactured with a wide range of components that includes mechanical, electrical and civil construction components. A typical wind energy system includes the rotors, the hub assembly, nacelle, yaw mechanism, generator, transmission system, tower and a foundation system.

There are four types of wind turbine

• Fixed-speed wind turbines
• Variable-slip wind turbines
• Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines
• Full-converter wind turbines

We are focus on Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG): in this case, a wound rotor induction (asynchronous) generator is used and variable-speed operation is obtained by injecting controllable voltage into the rotor at slip frequency. The doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) or wound rotor induction machine (WRIM) are terms commonly used to describe an electrical machine, which has been used over many decades in various applications, often in the range of megawatts of power and also less commonly in the range of a few kilowatts

Project Objectives

Efficient extraction of wind energy is a complex, multidisciplinary process. This paper examines common objectives used in wind turbine optimization problems. The focus is not on the specific optimized designs, but rather on understanding when certain objectives and constraints are necessary, and what their limitations are. Maximizing annual energy production, or even using sequential aero/structural optimization, is shown to be significantly suboptimal compared to using integrated aero/structural metrics. Minimizing the ratio of turbine mass to annual energy production can be effective for fixed rotor diameter designs, as long as the tower mass is estimated carefully. For variable-diameter designs, the predicted optimal diameter may be misleading. This is because the mass of the tower is a large fraction of the total turbine mass, but the cost of the tower is a much smaller fraction of overall turbine costs. Minimizing the cost of energy is a much better metric, though high fidelity in the cost modeling is as important as high fidelity in the physics modeling. Furthermore, deterministic cost of energy minimization can be inadequate, given the stochastic nature of the wind and various uncertainties associated with physical processes and model choices. Optimization in the presence of uncertainty is necessary to create robust turbine designs.

Project Implementation Method

IMPLEMENTATION METHOD:

As the demand for more environmentally?friendly energy resources grows, energy providers have recognized the importance of wind power and have invested in the development of wind turbines. The primary reason behind the recent peak of wind energy capacity is due to improved turbine technology

Wind turbine towers and foundations must be designed to withstand heavy loads and moments due to extreme wind conditions to prevent failures, as well as other forces that are introduced with alternative site designs.  The forces that the tower and foundation must resist are wind loads, ice loads, and the self?weight of the tower. The tower structure must also resist earthquake loads, which can be designed based on checking   resistance in the steel’s plastic range.

In order to design the tower and foundation of a wind turbine, it is helpful to know the mechanical design and how it works. The force of the wind is applied to the blades of the turbine, which are angled to produce a rotation where the blades convene. The blades are connected to a shaft that also spins along with the rotation of the blades.  The mechanical energy that is produced by the revolving shaft is converted to electricity through a generator at the base of the turbine.  The equipment at the top of the tower rotates based on the direction of the wind, in which the blades are positioned perpendicular to the wind load to maximize the wind exposed surface area.  When the force of the wind exceeds the force for which the turbine was designed, the furling and/or shutdown systems are activated to prevent failure.

The wind turbine process can begin in many different ways. If a person owns a great deal of land, they might investigate how to purchase and install a wind turbine and utilize the electricity on their own property. In order to do this, the property owner would need to have the need for such a great deal of electricity.  Another possibility is that a person who owns sufficient land for a turbine can lease their land to a company who would install the turbine and maintain it. In this scenario, the company who owns the turbine would pay the landowner a monthly amount to lease the site.  Also, a landowner can be approached by a company who believes their land is valuable and the land owner can either lease the land or can become part owners of the wind turbine. In all of these scenarios, the land is only useful if there is sufficient wind energy available

Benefits of the Project

Wind energy is a source of renewable energy. It does not contaminate, it is inexhaustible and reduces the use of fossil fuels, which are the origin of greenhouse gasses that cause global warming.

Wind energy doesn’t pollute the air like power plants that rely on combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas. Wind turbines don’t produce atmospheric emissions that cause acid rain or greenhouse gasses. It’s a clean fuel source.

Wind energy is a domestic source of energy. The nation’s wind supply is abundant: over the past 10 years, cumulative wind power capacity in the United States increased an average of 30% per year, outpacing the 28% growth rate in worldwide capacity.

It’s sustainable. Wind is actually a form of solar energy; winds are caused by the heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the rotation of the earth, and the earth’s surface irregularities. For as long as the sun shines and the wind blows, the energy produced can be harnessed to send power across the grid.

Wind power is cost effective. It is one of the lowest-priced renewable energy technologies available today, costing between four and six cents per kilowatt-hour, depending upon the wind resource and project financing of the particular project.

Wind turbines can be built on existing farms or ranches. This greatly benefits the economy in rural areas, where most of the best wind sites are found. Farmers and ranchers can continue to work the land because the wind turbines use only a fraction of the land. Wind power plant owners make rent payments to the farmer or rancher for the use of the land providing landowners with additional income.

Wind energy is a “native” energy, because it is available practically everywhere on the plant, which contributes to reducing energy imports and to creating wealth and local employment

Producing electricity through wind energy and its efficient use contributes to sustainable development.

• Renewable energy
• Inexhaustible
• Not pollutant
• Reduces the use of fossil fuels
• Reduces energy imports
• Creates wealth and local employment
• Contributes to sustainable development

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Detailed technical specification:

Tower

Two different basic tower solutions are available. Steel tower and Concrete /steel hybrid tower

Hub height                              As per requirement of area.

Number of sections              Three

Color of steel part                 Custom

Steel part height                   Not defined

Concrete part height            Not defined

Rotor

The rotor consists of three blades and hub. . The blades are made of steel. . The blades also act as aerodynamic brakes. Normally the blades are synchronized but in case of an emergency.

Generator

The rotor hub is connected to generator

                                                                   .  Foundation       

The foundation is a gravity-based or pile foundation depending on the local ground conditions. The tower is connected to the foundation by a cylindrical bolted flange.

Voltage	220v
Frequency	50Hz
Vibration	The transformer will be installed to the nacelle and good mechanical design against vibration is required.
Current	8-9 Amp

Voltage

Frequency

Vibration

Current

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Finance Core Technology OthersOther Technologies Clean TechSustainable Development Goals No Poverty, Zero Hunger, Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project	Milestone	Deliverable
Month 1	Idea of project	Accepted by committee
Month 2	Proposal of project	Accepted
Month 3	Report and presentation	Given
Month 4	Software work	completed
Month 5	FYP 2 presentation	Accepted by committee
Month 6	started working on Hardware	found parts
Month 7	Assembling	Assembling of parts
Month 8	FYP 3 Presentation	Still not given
Month 9	Hardware 50%	Done
Month 10	Hardware work 75% completion	Done
Month 11	Hardware showing	After final presentation
Month 12	Hardware Submission	Not yet