Design Develop Implementation and Promotion of Cost effective IoT based Greenhouse to control the Carbon Dioxide emission in Pakistan

Project Title

Design Develop Implementation and Promotion of Cost effective IoT based Greenhouse to control the Carbon Dioxide emission in Pakistan

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

Pakistan is known to be an agricultural country in the world but due to lack of technology, the
statement is changing as the time passes by. People are leaving rural areas and quitting agricultural
and adopting urban life. This leads to the problem statement of our project which states that
offering a sustainable, automated monitoring and controlling greenhouse system using internet of
things. The need of such a system is found in the market if we see the urban areas, where there is
not land for pursuing the hobby of gardening in the form of kitchen gardens to grow vegetable for
mere consumption of kitchen in a very small area. The cities these days are densely populated and
people avoid doing such time taking jobs.
In case of rural areas and farming land, where there is plenty of land but no such measures to keep
the environment of the crop or vegetable suitable with respect to the grown plant. Hence, the
farmers face the issue of low yield and this low yield costs them a lot of fortune. It is difficult for
them as well to import high tech machinery for better cultivation and processing of the crop and
land respectively.
Our solution directly hits the pivot point of this problem. We aim to offer a product that is easily
deployable in terms of kitchen gardens and large farms and able to control the environment in
terms of two major factors i.e. temperature and moisture. These will be controlled by different
mechanism on both large and small scale depending upon the requirements. We will also be
offering a look into the greenhouse from our mobile application through which you can monitor
the inside condition of the greenhouse. We have chosen the ESP32 Developer kit 1 for onboard
controlling of the actuators and monitoring the data through sensors. Also the cameras being used
are offered by the ESP32 as well but are the separate entities.
On the software side, multiple software have been used in several fields of usage. We have used
SolidWorks, MIT app Inventor and Arduino IDE for designing, development of mobile application
and programming of the esp32 boards respectively.

Project Objectives

The basic aim of this project is to provide significant ease to kitchen gardeners as well as farmers.
Through our project, we aim to not only conserve the time of the farmers or the kitchen gardeners
but a major objective is to provide quality management in terms of environments. This includes
management of temperature as per required by the plant according to certain standards as well as
the management of water by efficient supply of water to the plant. Hence, not only providing the
adequate environment but also conserving the water by limited use of it.

Another major objective is to develop a mobile application for the users of our product which will
let them monitor the real-time situation in the greenhouse. This application will be including the
real-time values from the Real-Time Database by Firebase. In addition to these values, the user
will be allowed to see inside the greenhouse using the cameras installed in the greenhouse. The
cameras will be consisting of multiple views which will allow the user to better remote observation
of the inside scenario and condition of the greenhouse.
The mobile application will be having another big component in it. Artificial Intelligence will be
implemented in terms of identification of the plant inside the greenhouse as healthy or unhealthy.
Hence, providing and insight of the yield even before the cultivation.
The aim is also to update the system to ESP32 based controller which has been lately done on
raspberry-pi. Before it has been implemented in terms of monitoring only, using raspberry-pi but
our work is a hefty addition in terms of monitoring itself as well as controlling given the
involvement of cameras and onboard actuators and the disease detection as well.
This will provide a great deal of ease to all the user either on a small scale, in urban areas, or the
large scale, in large farming lands.

Project Implementation Method

The basic functionality in acquiring the data from sensors is based upon microcontroller board (ESP32). This microcontroller will also be used. Furthermore, following steps provide the flow of the implementation.

Step 1: the first step will be configuration of sensors with ESP32. We need to acquire all required sensors and then we will learn to use them and make decisions accordingly using the programming of the microcontroller.

Step 2: the second step will be controlling the actuators based upon the data we gather from sensors. The first two phases will be testing phases for ESP32, sensors, and actuators.

Step 3: after we are familiar with the working of sensors and control of the actuators, we will further move towards the construction of a prototype greenhouse, which will be further used in the end for autonomous environment control.

Step 4: implementing the sensors and actuator systems inside the greenhouse will be done afterwards. The implementation and success of this step will determine the time required for the development of an application based on AI to produce a controllable environment.

Step 5: The next step will be to implement IoT system and transmitting the data acquired from sensors through Wi-Fi.

Step 6: Once Wi-fi is enable and data is being transmitted accurately, we will be making decision based on these decision as this data will be fed to machine learning algorithm inside the application which will be developed in this step. The decision will be made accordingly, and the instructions will be transmitted to the controller on board of the greenhouse.

Step 7: Now, as our product is designed and ready, we will plant our subject inside the greenhouse environment and wait for the appropriate growth of the subject (at least the subject should have 3-5 leaves). By checking the condition and appearance of the leaf through our AI-model we will detect the health of the plant.

Benefits of the Project

In the current era, everyone seems to be quite busy in their work and are unable to take part in the
creative activities like gardening. Because of this lack of time, the world has moved to autonomous
and smart systems, which are capable of taking decisions overlapping with certain standards set
up by researchers. These kind of actions lead to creative use of time as the repetitive task is being
done by these smart systems and machines. Hence, humans get more time to think creatively and
bring further innovations into the world.
Keeping this trend and nature of human being in mind, we offered a solution to the problem related
to agriculture as well for the hobbyist to pursue their hobby. We developed a smart solution with
negligible amount of human interaction required to take care of the plants in a well-organized and
observed environment.

Secondly, there would be less chance of disease susceptibility and so the quality of the crop or plant will be enhanced. Crop will be totally organic as we will use all the organic fertilizers as cow dunk etc.

There will no cost expensed on pesticides or other pests controlling sprays, so our product is cost effective.

There is no chance that our plant/seed will be preyed by any predator, birds, locusts etc.

As we ensure the optimum environment for the plant, so the crop will be of best quality as compared to the quality of plant grown outside.

our product is a time saver for the people who are interested in the field of agriculture as this will take care of all the requirements of the plants, and the farmer/gardener/owner will not have to worry about anything.   

     

   

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

We have both final deliverables, hardware system and software system. Hardware system includes greenhouse structure along with system of IoT; we have worked on basic three requirements, temperature, soil moisture, humidity. This hardware has the power supply system attached in which we have DC power supply, 6-channel relay module, a microcontroller ESP-32 Devkit V1. An ESP-32 cam module is also attached which will take real-time pictures of the subject(plant). This all will be integrated in such a way that we have a controlled environment in which we will plant our subject and give it the appropriate requirements so that it will grow and flourish according to standard and give us the quality product.

Now in software system we have a mobile application through which we will monitor the environment we have been created for our subject. This software is connected with Firebase cloud, which is taking real-time data from the greenhouse structure through the feature of Wifi enabling through ESP-32 module. Now thei application will show us about the level of all the constraints on which we have developed the environment, temperature, soil moisture and humidity. Moreover, it will show us the current condition of the plant. Now on that condition we have deployed our AI model, which upon asking, will show us whether the leaf of that particular plant is healthy or unhealthy.                     

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry AgricultureOther Industries IT , Food Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Artificial Intelligence(AI)Sustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Climate Action, Life on LandRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	49340
Esp-32	Equipment	3	800	2400
Esp-32 Cam module	Equipment	2	1350	2700
6-channel Relay module	Equipment	2	500	1000
moisture sensor	Equipment	2	140	280
temperature and humidity sensor	Equipment	2	220	440
DC fans	Equipment	2	150	300
Heating LEDs	Equipment	4	80	320
12V power supply	Equipment	1	1200	1200
solenoid valve	Equipment	1	1200	1200
5V adapters	Equipment	2	250	500
Wooden greenhouse structurere	Equipment	1	14000	14000
Soil Tray	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Acrylic for casing	Equipment	1	3500	3500
Wifi device	Equipment	1	3600	3600
Data sim with Package	Equipment	1	1500	1500
connecting wires	Equipment	1	500	500
Irrigation pipe	Equipment	1	500	500
water tank	Equipment	1	200	200
3D-printed Exhaust case	Equipment	2	1500	3000
logistic expense	Miscellaneous	1	5000	5000
PVC casing	Equipment	1	200	200
Miscellaneous equipment	Miscellaneous	1	5000	5000