Design and Implementation of three phase electric power monitoring and control system for secondary distribution using GSM network.
The project involves Design and Development of a Prototype Three-Phase electric power system based on ATMEGA32 8-bit AVR microcontroller (or Arduino), having wireless communication facility (with remote monitoring capacity using short message service (SMS)) to be installed at the secondary dist
2025-06-28 16:31:48 - Adil Khan
Design and Implementation of three phase electric power monitoring and control system for secondary distribution using GSM network.
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryThe project involves Design and Development of a Prototype Three-Phase electric power system based on ATMEGA32 8-bit AVR microcontroller (or Arduino), having wireless communication facility (with remote monitoring capacity using short message service (SMS)) to be installed at the secondary distribution. The system will measure Electrical Parameters (listed below) and will display on a character LCD. The system will also send those parameters to a remote Central Monitoring Unit (CMU) using GSM SMS service. GSM module is chosen as a possible wireless solution to this issue. The parameters can be viewed on phone or displayed on GUI software on PC. The metering data can be scheduled to be sent after programmed time intervals or on request by the user/CMU. The proposed system will send notifications/alarm alerts to CMU of various faults occurring at the secondary distribution. The CMU can also send control command SMS to the system for example to connect/disconnect loads on the secondary distribution. The configuration of system can be set remotely by CMU over SMS. This project is also designed to protect the electrical circuitry by operating an Electromagnetic Relay. This Relay gets activated whenever the electrical parameters exceed the predefined values. The Relay can be used to operate a Circuit Breaker to switch off the main electrical supply.
Following Electrical Parameters will be measured:
- RMS Voltage,
- RMS Current,
- Active, Reactive Energy
- Active, Reactive Power
- Line Frequency
Following Faults will be monitored:
- Voltage SAG
- Zero-crossing Detect Fail
- Current Peak
- Voltage Peak
The objective is to design and implement Prototype Three-Phase electric power system capable of measuring required Electrical Parameters at the secondary distribution, which can be remotely monitored or queried. The parameters can be viewed on phone or displayed on GUI software on PC. The remote monitoring is achieved through short message service. The proposed system will send notifications/alarm alerts to Central Monitoring Unit of various faults occurring at the secondary distribution. This system is also designed to protect the electrical circuitry by operating an Electromagnetic Relay. This Relay gets activated whenever the electrical parameters exceed the predefined values. The Relay can be used to operate a Circuit Breaker to switch off the main electrical supply.
Project Implementation MethodAfter literature review and surveying the all proposed components, create the schematic diagram of primitive part of system which includes metering unit, power supply, and communication unit. Construct the circuit on veroboard from created schematic diagram of secondary distribution metering unit. Develop hardware and interface of metering unit with power supply unit, communication unit, and relays. Check program flow (control flow) of system: secondary distribution metering unit. Then Develop Hardware of Central Monitoring Unit (CMU) and Interface the CMU hardware with created software (PC) through ft232rl module. Integrate Secondary Distribution Metering Unit with Central monitoring Unit, displays the measured electrical parameters over the PC (software). Ensure the functional working of the whole prototype system.
Benefits of the Project- It is beneficial to the Pakistan power sector as grid monitoring by virtue of which power can be bought & shared on a national basis by providing continuous monitoring and controlling of various electrical parameters in both normal and abnormal conditions
- It can also provide online monitoring of operational parameters of distribution transformer which can provide useful information. This is beneficial to the various Electric Power Generation and Distribution companies in Pakistan like Wapda, Karachi Electric, LESCO, HESCO, QESCO, etc.
- It is helpful to identify problems before any serious failure or various faults occurs at the distribution transformer which leads to a cost saving to Electric Power Generation and Distribution companies in Pakistan like Independent power producers (IPPs).
- It is beneficial to the Future of Pakistan power sector as a part of the Smart grid.
The system consists of two major units: Secondary Distribution Metering Unit, and Central Monitoring unit (CMU).
Secondary Distribution Metering Unit includes the following sub-units;
Measurement unit: The Electrical parameters will be measured using Polyphase (such as 3-phase/4-wire, 3-phase/3-wire, and 4-wire delta) Multifunction Energy Metering IC ADE7754. The ADE7754 is a high accuracy polyphase electrical energy measurement IC with a serial interface and a pulse output. The ADE7754 incorporates to perform active, apparent energy measurements, and RMS Voltage and Current calculation.In addition faults like Voltage SAG and Zero-crossing Detect Fail, Current and Voltage Peak are also obtained on interrupt.
Display Unit: A 20x4 Character LCD with backlit is used to display the measured parameters and alarm conditions in real time. The LCD Display is connected to the Control unit.
Communication Unit: The Simcom SIM300D GSM module is used to communicate with the remote CMU. The GSM module is interfaced with the control unit’s serial port. The module supports quad-band 900/1800MHz GSM network. The module has its own AT commands Set. AT commands are used to initialize, configure and read status of the module as well as send and receive SMS messages. The control unit also resets the module on power up and monitors its status. The GSM module has interface for the SIM card and GSM antenna.
Control Unit: The Control unit is microcontroller based Embedded System/Board. The ATMEGA324 8-bit AVR microcontroller is used for controlling the ADE7754, LCD and the GSM module. The ADE7754 is interfaced with the SPI port of the AVR. The microcontroller issues ‘Send SMS’ AT commands to the GSM module to send the parameters to the CMU. The SMS can be scheduled readings, reply of query command, fault/alarm condition and acknowledge SMS. The SMS has a specific format. The SMS string contains Station ID followed by parameter data. The SMS is sent to the programmable CMU SIM number. The CMU number can be requested to be changed by the CMU by another command by SMS. The microcontroller receives the CMU commands SMS from the GSM module.
Power supply unit: The Embedded System/Board, Display and ADE7754 require 5V power supply to operate. The GSM module operates at 3.3V. Transformer based power supply having input of AC 230V and output of DC 5V 1A and 3.3V 1A is used.
Central Monitoring Unit (CMU): At the monitoring station, Windows PC software provides a graphical user interface to the user. It shows all the Electrical parameters and Faults/Alarms received from the System via SMS. A GSM modem is connected to the PC USB port. The software enables the user to send query and configuration commands over SMS to the remote System.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemType of Industry IT , Energy , Others Technologies Internet of Things (IoT), OthersSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Partnerships to achieve the GoalRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 35770 | |||
| Metering IC ADE7754 | Equipment | 3 | 500 | 1500 |
| Current Transformer 200A/5A | Equipment | 3 | 3500 | 10500 |
| Microcontroller ATmega32 | Equipment | 3 | 330 | 990 |
| LCD 20x4 Character Type Mono | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |
| GSM Module Sim300D/Spreadtrum | Equipment | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |
| GSM Module 800l | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| GSM Antenna, SMA type | Equipment | 2 | 600 | 1200 |
| Relays 12V DC, contact 10A | Equipment | 4 | 100 | 400 |
| 2A-rated DC-DC buck converter, LM2596 | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |
| AC Adapter, 12V DC, 2A | Equipment | 1 | 250 | 250 |
| Power Supply 12/5/3.3V DC, 2A | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Veroboard | Equipment | 6 | 100 | 600 |
| Embedded Circuit Components | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| GSM Circuit Components, SIM | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Connectors, Terminals | Equipment | 12 | 40 | 480 |
| FT232RL FTDI USB 3.3V 5.5V TO TTL | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |
| Casing | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Freight &Tax of Imported Items | Miscellaneous | 1 | 6500 | 6500 |
| Contingency | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |