Design and Implementation of Low Cost Automatic Transfer Switch with Interlocking Facility

Project Title

Design and Implementation of Low Cost Automatic Transfer Switch with Interlocking Facility

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Power instability in developing countries creates a need for automation of electrical

power generation or alternative sources of power to back up the utility supply.          

For this automation is required as the rate of power outage becomes predominantly high. Most industrial and commercial processes are dependent on power supply and if the processes of change-over are manual, serious time is not only wasted but also creates device or machine damage from human error during the change-over connections, which could bring massive losses.

Electricity (energy), which plays a major role in economic development of a nation, forms the basis of this study, with interests in human, infrastructural and economic development. In most developing and underdeveloped parts of the world, the supply of electricity for industrial, commercial and domestic use is highly unstable. This gives rise to the frequent use of alternative sources of power supply to meet up with the energy demands.

The introduction of these alternative sources of supply brings forth the challenge of switching smoothly and timely between the mains supply and the alternative sources whenever there is a failure on the mains source. There is also the need to reduce drudgery from switching between the two sources on the human side.

Solving these challenges forms the focus of this work . The Automatic Transfer switch automatically switches over to the alternative source of power supply (solar system) and switch solar system  to (generator) when there is long utility shut down or power outage. It equally switches over to the mains supply when power is restored and turn off the generator automatically if it is on running state .

Project Objectives

• First and for most this project will provide uninterruptable power supply to load, which is a most required demand of every industry , hospital , banks , government offices .
• To design a device that automatically switches on the solar system and switches to the generator when there is long shut down of utility.
• The main aim of  this project is cost effective .
• Universal .
• Easy installation .

Project Implementation Method

1.designing of system block diagram

2. designing of system logical diagram

3.designing of system flow chart

4. programminng of microntroller 

5.system simulation

6.controller designing

7.pcb designing

8.system integration with other component 

9.covering up the system with professionnal method

Benefits of the Project

If your company requires constant electricity to maintain critical services, then an automatic switch is your best option, especially if your services represent the financial interests or general safety of other parties. Some common examples of entities that implement automatic switches out of necessity are: hospitals, data centers, jails and prisons, fire departments, defense organizations, and police departments.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Power sensing unit consists of the bridge rectifier

circuit and Relay1 CRL1 as shown in Figure 1. The AC

mains is connected to a step-down transformer, the

output of this transformer is then rectified by a full-

wave rectifier circuit. The bridge rectifier converts the

AC output of the transformer to pulsating DC. The

capacitor is used to filter out the DC and the zener

diode is used to limit and stabilize the voltage to 12V.

The diode D4 is used to protect RL1 from voltage

spikes. When the utility power is ON i.e. the AC mains

supply is ON, the rectifier circuit supplies 12VDC to

RL1 and the normally open (NO) contact of the relay

becomes normally closed (NC). The normally open

contact of the relay is left unconnected while the

normally closed contact of the relay is connected to

Vcc of the control oscillator in the logic unit of the

circuit. The common terminal of the relay is then

connected to the positive terminal of the 12-V battery,

while the negative terminal of the battery is connected to ground.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry TelecommunicationOther Industries Medical , Petroleum , Energy , Manufacturing Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean EnergyRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	78200
generator	Equipment	1	38000	38000
solar pannel	Equipment	2	12000	24000
microcontroller	Equipment	1	1400	1400
relays	Equipment	5	600	3000
contracter	Equipment	3	1000	3000
voltage regulator	Equipment	1	50	50
pcb	Equipment	3	150	450
capacitor	Equipment	10	10	100
second hand printer for thesis work	Miscellaneous	1	7000	7000
papers bundle	Miscellaneous	3	400	1200