Design and Implementation of IoT based Smart Energy Meter
The demand of electrical energy is increasing as a result of the growth in both population and industrial development. To improve its efficiency, consumers need to be more aware of their energy consumption. In recent years, development of new electric energy meters, known as smart meters are under p
2025-06-28 16:26:24 - Adil Khan
Design and Implementation of IoT based Smart Energy Meter
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryThe demand of electrical energy is increasing as a result of the growth in both population and industrial development. To improve its efficiency, consumers need to be more aware of their energy consumption. In recent years, development of new electric energy meters, known as smart meters are under progress. A smart meter is a digital energy meter that measures the consumption of electrical energy and provides other additional information as compared to a traditional energy meter.
This project deals with the design and development of smart energy meter that will allow user to track the real-time and remote monitoring of their energy usage using GSM technology. Also user will be able to turn off un-necessary loads remotely for energy conservation. The system will be based on AI and will notify user about managing his load for energy conservation. It would also predict the next month bill and energy usage. Moreover system will send energy usage details to supplier which will aid in automatic meter reading. As the supplier will also be able to monitor user load it would help in reducing load shedding by cutting supply to users who are using load above sanction load.
Project ObjectivesTo design and develop smart energy meter that will be capable of:
- Remote monitoring and management of real time Energy Usage
- Energy conservation by load management
- Automatic Meter Reading
- Reduction of load shedding by monitoring sanction load
Following block diagram shows the complete working model of project. 
MEASUREMENT UNIT
The first step is to develop measurement unit. It includes measurement of current, voltage and power factor. For achieving this we would use a micro-controller, current sensor (CT) and voltage sensor (PT) for measurement of current and voltage. By programming Microcontroller it would calculate voltage, current and power factor by taking readings from CT and PT. Power factor calculation doesn’t require separate hardware.
LOAD MANAGEMENT
Next step is to develop load management system. It simply require relays and magnetic contactors. Micro controller would be programmed to allow user to turn on/off load through relays. It would also be programmed to calculate real time cost.
COMMUNICATION
An web app would be developed for user in which all this information will be send after regular time interval through gsm technology. Similarly using gsm technology this information would be send to supplier. User would be given access to control his loads through app and sms.
ANTI-TAMPERING
An anti-tampering system would be developed in which mechanical and magnetic sensors would be used to avoid meter tampering either physically or magnetically.
AI PROGRAM FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
Lastly an AI program would be developed which would record user energy usage pattern and predicts his future bill and suggest him how to manage load to reduce energy consumption.
CAD, PCB DESIGN AND 3D PRINTING
Complete 3D model of housing for system would be design using CAD/CAM software and then 3D printed. Moreover PCB of circuit would be design.
Benefits of the ProjectREAL TIME AND REMOTE MONITORING OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Smart meter enables user to monitor real time energy consumption. User can track his consumption from anywhere using gsm technology. Data would be displayed on app as well as through sms. Similarly energy consumption details would also be send to supplier.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
It would be done using three ways:
- User can track their consumption in real-time and identify waste points and hence control spending
- The smart meter is capable of controlling the load through relays. User can turn off any un-necessary load using app or through SMS.
- AI program would predict next month bill and based on user energy usage pattern, would suggest him how to manage load
REDUCTION OF LOAD SHEDDING
One of main reason of load shedding is user increase their load above sanction load (maximum load user can use). Smart meter would notify user as well as supplier if load increases sanction. This would allow user to reduce load and allow supplier to cut off supply to that particular user only.
AUTOMATIC METER READING
Smart meters enable accurate calculation of cost and send that information to both user and supplier. This reduces the need of human for taking manual reading as well as reduces chance of error.
MISCELLANEOUS
- Smart meters help people revise their individual power consumption habits and contribute to prudent and responsible consumer behavior.
- Using insights on energy usage, utility companies develop various tariffs, including pricing incentives to encourage energy saving.
- The data on power consumption helps researchers and environmentalists better understand the role and measure the effectiveness of renewables in the energy sector and build data-driven conservation strategies
Project comprises of various units. First and foremost is measuring unit, for measuring unit PZEM-004T module is advantageous. It is an electronic module that functions to measure: Voltage, Current, Power, Frequency, Energy and Power Factors. It’s operating voltage and test voltages are 80-260 V AC which is viable for our requirements. Rated power is 22000W which is far more than any domestic load.
For wireless communication SIM900 GPRS module meets all demands. OLED 0.96 inches would be used for displaying purpose.
Anti-tampering unit comprises of Hall Effect sensor (S49E) for protection from magnetic tampering and mechanical limit switches for protection from physical tampering.
At initial phase project would be arduino based (Arduino Mega) but later on complete PCB of circuit would be designed.
In order to make system capable of giving smart notifications for managing electricity machine learning would be used. For our application Decision Tree Algorithm is efficient and advantageous choice.
For controlling load solid state relay module would be used. For prototype 8 channel relay would be used but would be extended as per requirement.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Artificial Intelligence(AI), Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 52060 | |||
| SIM900GSM GPRS MODULE | Equipment | 2 | 3000 | 6000 |
| Arduino Mega Atmega2560 | Equipment | 2 | 4000 | 8000 |
| PZEM-004T Power Monitoring Communications Module Monitor Module | Equipment | 2 | 2500 | 5000 |
| 0.96 inch OLED Display | Equipment | 2 | 1000 | 2000 |
| Solid State Relay Module | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| 5V 16 Channel Relay Module 240VAC 10A Relay | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| 3D design and 3D printing of case in PET material | Equipment | 1 | 7000 | 7000 |
| simcard | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| jumper wires, cabels, connectors etc | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| breadboard, veroboard, etc | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| power switch, push button etc | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| current sensor, voltage sensor, resistors, capacitors, led's etc | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| soldring wire, soldring iron | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| cabels, connectors etc | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| power supply | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| equipment delivery charges etc | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |
| commute expenses | Miscellaneous | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Hall Effect sensor module | Equipment | 4 | 140 | 560 |
| PCB | Equipment | 2 | 1000 | 2000 |