Design and Fabrication of waste water recycling system in service stations

Project Title

Design and Fabrication of waste water recycling system in service stations

Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject Summary

The project that we are going to do is the Design and Fabrication of water recycling system in service station.  As water is the most essential element next to air for our survival so we are going to recycle and reuse it for different purposes.

Recycling and reusing the water means treating and processing the waste water to remove impurities and using the treated water for a wide range of industrial, agricultural and domestic purposes. It is also known as “water reclamation”.

According to a report by UNO, an average person should acquire 1000m3/person/yr. but due to increase in population over the years, the value in Pakistan is 850m3/person/yr. which is already less. So we will try to contribute some effort to control this factor by designing and fabricating a plant that will contribute to National development.

Recycling and reusing is a technique that is being implemented in most of the regions with water scarcity. Recycling and reusing is a technique that is being implemented in most of the regions with water scarcity. This technique, if adopted for car wash centers, both water scarcity and water pollution problems can be solved up to a certain extent.

The main purpose or the basic aim behind making this project is to work against the excess use of water by fabricating a system that save and utilizes water.

Project Objectives

Today, water scarcity is a very big problem in many cities centers like Peshawar and Karachi. Pollution makes water scarcity much worse by reducing the amount of fresh water that is safe to use. We are targeting a specific car wash station to fulfill its water need, so a treatment plant for a car wash center located on Ring Road Peshawar is proposed.

We have certain objectives regarding the project which will be achieved are:

• Our main objective is to save and reuse water that offers resources saving.
• A thorough knowledge and appropriate monitoring of input and output water quality is needed to protect public health and minimize the negative impacts of recycled water on environment. So for that two types of water samples will be collected from the car wash center Raw water sample and waste water sample coming out after car wash. We will do various physical and chemical tests on both the samples such as pH, acidity, alkalinity, hardness etc. We will then compare the results
• To design a nozzle that by just one button will switch from fresh water to recycled/filtered water. Fresh water will be used for upper body wash while recycled water will be used for lower body wash.
• To design a waste water recycling system that fulfills the need of that particular service station we targeted.
• Contaminated water as a result of car washing having harmful elements such as grease, mud and dust which have negative impact on aquatic life as well as agricultural side. By proposing a design for a recycling plant, we will try to minimize it
• Removal of Oil and grease and Carbon oxygen demand (COD) using physical treatment processes.
• To remove hardness in waste water due to presence of detergents and soaps
• To make the water reusable suing alternative cheap filtration methods that are locally available and cheap from other expensive process.

Project Implementation Method

Our project can be implemented very easily in the cities where there is much population like Peshawar Lahore and Karachi because it reutilizes the water and reduces wastage of water.

Our project implementation is connected to its commercial aspect. The project is commercially very viable. It is the need of modern era where everyone should save water. Almost every service station in Peshawar will need this system to ensure the recycling of water.

We will do surveys for different service stations in Peshawar and will let them know about our project. That will definitely be a good step towards the commercialization of our project. Moreover due to dirt and dust in Peshawar city, the need of car washing has become necessary.

*Various surveys will be conducted of different service stations. Places for survey to be focused are mainly Ring road area, BRT and Warsak Road area. We will also do some surveys in Nowshera region in order to collect useful information.

Moreover we will work on its implementation in the service station of our own campus, used for washing campus buses. 

Benefits of the Project Benefits of the project:

Our project will have the following benefits:

1. The project will decrease the effluent that can damage and pollute the ecosystem.
2. It will satisfy most of the water demands by preventing the over use of water for servicing cars.
3. It will offer resource and financial savings
4. It is cost saving in the long term
5. Waste water reuse will contribute to National development.
6. Water is the main asset for human being survival. We are reducing its wastage by recycling and reusing it.
7. It will reduce the excess of electricity cost used for pumping water from the underground bores.
8. There are other countless benefits of our project, so if our project get implemented properly, it will help our whole society.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable Technical details:

The technical details includes the design of water recycling/treatment plant and components:

1. Screens:

            Screening protects the downstream units of the treatment plant from obstructions caused by the larger debris and improves the efficiency of the operations in the later stages. The screening chamber consists of vertical stainless steel screens at an angle (usually 30 degrees) to the horizontal. Stainless steel is used to prevent the screens from corrosion. Two types of screens:

• Coarse screen (placed vertically or at a slight slope at about 2 to 10 cm)
• Fine screen (with openings less than 1 cm wide)

1. Collection tank:

The waste water from both the outlets are collected into a sintex tank (220 liters) which is used as collection tank.

1. Sugarcane Bagasse and Saw dust filter:

This physical treatment method will be used for reducing COD and oil & grease from the waste water. In this, the principle of adsorption and gravimetric method is used in combination Filter beds will be prepared. Both the materials will be dried completely in the sunshine before making their filter.

Both sugarcane bagasse and saw dust are effective in removing both COD and oil & grease. Saw dust for the same filter height is effective in removing both COD and oil & grease. This could be due to the increase in the area of adsorption as provided by saw dust over sugarcane bagasse

1. Addition of lime and Soda Ash:

In this process, lime (Ca(OH)2) and soda ash (Na2CO3) are added to the water as drops by specially designed pipes connected to the main pipe which carries water from the saw dust and sugarcane bagasse tank to sedimentation tank. Lime and soda ash will react with the calcium and magnesium salts, so as to form insoluble precipitates of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.

1. Sedimentation tank:

The water will flow from sawdust and sugarcane bagasse tank to sedimentation tank through gravity with high velocity. Because of this, turbulence is created and the added chemicals will get mix up with the water. The chemical reactions will take place and precipitates will be formed. These precipitates must be removed in the sedimentation tank by settling.

1. Sand Filters:

The water from sedimentation tank is allowed into sand filter. The resultant water will not be pure and may contain some very fine suspended particles. To remove or to reduce the remaining impurities still further, the water is filtered through the beds of fine granular material, such as sands, etc. The process of passing the water through the beds of such granular materials is known as filtration.

Filter material is sand and gravel. The filter sand should generally be obtained from rocks like quartzite. However the gravel used should be hard, free from impurities, properly rounded (density=1600kg/m3)

1. Storage tank:

A sintex tank(220 liters) is used for storing the treated water coming out after filtration process and is used for preliminary wash in the washing of cars.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry HealthOther Industries Energy , Manufacturing , Others Core Technology Clean TechOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Clean Water and Sanitation, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and Production, Life Below Water, Life on LandRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	66000
Sintax tanks	Equipment	4	1500	6000
Water drums	Equipment	2	1000	2000
PVC Pipes 1 inch dia (20m)	Equipment	20	150	3000
Pump 1Hp	Equipment	2	4000	8000
Solar panel	Equipment	1	10000	10000
Screens	Equipment	2	500	1000
Sugarcane bagasse and saw dust	Equipment	1	1000	1000
Sand and gravel filters	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Lime and Soda Ash	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Physical tests (Turbidity, settle-able solids and Total Solids)	Equipment	6	500	3000
Chemical tests (pH, Acidity, Alkalinity etc)	Equipment	12	1500	18000
Fabrication charges	Miscellaneous	1	7000	7000
Printing work for Thesis etc	Miscellaneous	2	1500	3000