DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYBRID POWER GENERATION USING PHOTO VOLTAIC AND WIND TURBINE

Project Title

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYBRID POWER GENERATION USING PHOTO VOLTAIC AND WIND TURBINE

Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject Summary

Solar and wind are more importance in the present world. This project aims to develop a hybrid power generation system using solar and wind energy. Our project is designed & based on the availability of solar irradiance’s, sunshine hours, temperature, speed of wind, its direction, and topography. An average estimate of solar irradiance is 5.68KW/m2 per day and an average hourly wind speed of 14.7 miles per hours is available in all province of Pakistan. The average temperature range in all parts of Pakistan during summer 37°C. The hybrid model consists of solar panels, (P&O) MPPT, boost converter, inverter, wind turbine, and batteries. The production of electricity is possible without any impact on ecological balance and we will get the least production cost for electricity generation. Electrical lighting loads some and test instruments are used for measuring voltages currents, power factors for data throughout the system. Hybrid solar and wind power generating system is extensively use in the Industries, it can also use to power of our homes and small industries.

Project Objectives

1. As an engineer we want our society to have less expensive and more efficient power generation system using renewable resources.
2. Improving efficiency of solar cell by using Arduino sensor which tracks the sunlight and move solar cell in the direction of sunlight to produce more power
3. Improving design of wind turbine to get more power generation. 
4. As maintenance of transmission line and installation of new transmission lines is very time consuming and costly so our aim is to make a transmission less power generator at your place you can install it where ever you want electricity.

Project Implementation Method

1. In Remote areas implementing power systems units at each apartment.
2. Multistoried buildings
3. Homes, schools.
4. Street lightings covering a large area.
5. Off grid applications.
6. Solar water heaters. Electric kettles solar vehicles
7. Traffic signaling and, in many applications.

Benefits of the Project

As, We know that in Pakistan there is shortage of electrical energy. We are suffering from big shoratge due to this our industries and other orignization where electricity is most important factor like in our home, offices, which are totally based on electricity and now electrical vechicle are also establizing in paistan automotive industry.So, to over come the shortage of our electricty we are making a cheap and more effective system.

It will help us not in our homes and office but also in our industries.

Since it is a clean source it will also help in reducing pollution because wind and solar energy is clean source to produced energy.  

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Hybrid power generation system is effective solution for power generation than conventional energy resources, has greater efficiency, with reduced transmission losses and cost. Cost  reduction  can  be  obtained  by increasing  the production of the equipment. The increase in the use of hybrid system is highly safe for  the environment as it doesn’t produce any harmful radiations and waste product like conventional energy resources.

The following are the component requires to build a solar tracking system using Arduino and vertical axis megnatic leviated wind turbine .

1. Servo Motor (sg90)
2. Solar panel
3. Arduino
4. LDR’s X 2 (Light Dependent Resistor)
5. 10K resistors X 2
6. Battery (6 to 12V)
7. Turbine Blades
8. Neodimum Magnets
9. Beaings

Wind Turbine:

For a given wind speed, the rotor ef?ciency Cp  varies with the tip-speed ratio (TSR) which is de?ned as follows:

       TSR= xr/v

where R is the  rotor radius, x is the  angular speed (rad/s),

v is the velocity of wind (m/s).

To capture the high power at high wind, the rotor must also turn at high speed keeping the TSR constant at the optimum level.The variable-speed operation increases the output energy up  to 20–30%  according to  the ?xed-speed operation

Power energy of wind we can to find on equation

           Nw=p S V3/2

• When, N - power of wind [watt);
• p - density of air;
• S - area of turbine;
• V - velocity of wind.

Automatic Sun Tracker:

The outputs of the PV fully depend on solar radiation. Hourly solar radiation on a fixed inclined surface
(IT) can be evaluated as.

         IT=IbRb + IdRd + (Ib + Id)Rr
where IT = solar radiation on an incident surface; Ib = direct normal and diffuse; Id = solar radiations;
Rb = the tilt factors for the beam; Rd = the tilt factors for the diffuse; and Rr = reflected part of the solar
radiations.

APV and ?PV are PV system area and PV system efficiency, respectively.

                                            P = IT * APV' / PV
The PV system efficiency is defined as

          ?PV = ?M * ?PC [1 ? ?(Tc - Tr)]
where ?M = module efficiency; ?PC = power conditioning efficiency; Tc = monthly average cell temperature;Tr = reference temperature; and ? = array efficiency temperature coefficient.
In the ideal equivalent circuit of PV cell a current source is connected in parallel with diode. Connected PV cell with load, voltage, and current equation of cell which is calculated by

IPV = Iph ? I(eQVPV?KT ? 1)

where IPV = is the PV current (A); I = the diode reverse saturation current (A); Q =the electron charge = 1.6 _ 10_19 (C); k = the Boltzman Constant =1.38_10_23(J/K); and T = the cell temperature(K).

Multiple-axis solar tracking algorithm improved the power generated by the solar panel with an efficiency improvement of 23.95 %. The study concluded that it is highly important to track the sun at a high degree of accuracy to improve solar irradiation absorption.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Education , Manufacturing , Transportation , Others , Telecommunication Core Technology Clean TechOther Technologies Artificial Intelligence(AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics, Wearables and ImplantablesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	43600
Ardiuno	Equipment	2	500	1000
LDR	Equipment	10	10	100
Solar Panel	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Batteries	Equipment	2	1000	2000
Wires	Equipment	50	10	500
Motor	Equipment	6	500	3000
Charger Controller	Equipment	2	1000	2000
Blade	Equipment	4	1000	4000
Base Plate	Equipment	1	200	200
Bearings	Equipment	4	500	2000
Neodymium Magnets	Equipment	8	1000	8000
Software work	Miscellaneous	1	3000	3000
Desiging	Miscellaneous	2	2000	4000
Sensor	Equipment	8	100	800
motor driver	Equipment	4	500	2000
Solar panel fram	Equipment	1	4000	4000
Wind turbine frame	Equipment	1	5000	5000