Design and Fabrication of an Automatic Tapping Machine.
Tapping machine is used for cutting threads in holes of work piece it includes a supporting arms, one arm is extended out over the part equipped with a spindle having a tap inserted inside it, and rotates in both forward and reverse direction by motor at certain rpm according to the strength of mate
2025-06-28 16:31:31 - Adil Khan
Design and Fabrication of an Automatic Tapping Machine.
Project Area of Specialization Mechanical EngineeringProject SummaryTapping machine is used for cutting threads in holes of work piece it includes a supporting arms, one arm is extended out over the part equipped with a spindle having a tap inserted inside it, and rotates in both forward and reverse direction by motor at certain rpm according to the strength of material and the feed of cutting tool and rpm of motor is controlled by controllers, while the other arm is attached by movable joint on worktable which supports the main arm to move in multi-axis direction to help the user to make thread in any axis conversely we can say that it have multi degree of freedom. The vise is use to hold the work piece in place and coolant will also be used to claim smooth working. To prevent breakage of tool the reverse feed should be double as forward feed.
Project ObjectivesObjective:
The objective of our project is design and fabrication of an automatic tapping machine that can easily and accurately cut the internal threads up to range of M1.6 to M6.
Scope:
As nowadays most of the industries tries to modify their manufacturing techniques to a latest technology for the sake of increase in production and also tries to improve their machinery along with automation, tapping is one of the widely used operation in small and large scale industries and most of them use conventional method i.e. hand tapping using tap and dies that has very poor result due to time consuming and tedious process with lot of work labor required that involves human error that leads to an inaccurate results. So, there is scope of making a machine that can cater all the above problems and can produce threads with close accuracy.
Structure:
The main structure of tapping machine consists of some basic components having tapping tools, spindle, work table (vise), motor (forward and reverse feed equipped), coolant tank, supporting arms, controllers.
Risk:
As tapping is the last operation that can be perform on work piece so this process should need accuracy, as cutting tool rotates with spindle turned in first forward direction then reverse direction then due to accumulation of chips the taps tends to break.
Project Implementation MethodThe road map to achieve the desired result is described below:
- Firstly we propose the design.
- Then made a computer aided model of proposed design using SolidWorks software.
- Acess the technical feasibility of design according to the workspace.
- Now after making financial report.
- Fabrication will be done by accompishement of all necessaties before.
- Then at the end the testing will be the last step.
As nowadays most of the industries tries to modify their manufacturing techniques to a latest technology for the sake of increase in production and also tries to improve their machinery along with automation, tapping is one of the widely used operation in small and large scale industries and most of them use conventional method i.e. hand tapping using tap and dies that has very poor result due to time consuming and tedious process with lot of work labor required that involves human error that leads to an inaccurate results. So, there is scope of making a machine that can cater all the above problems and can produce threads with close accuracy.
The breakage of tap in manual tapping is very excessive because the torque applied may not be uniform and some inexpertie also lead to poor results, but, this automatic machine didn't require any special expertie to run the machine all it need is simple guide toward work area, and the tap breakage the major issue can also be minimized because there is used servo motor as it very accurate, efficient and precise in working and it also applies uniform torque according to requirement and it can move in double speed in reverse feed as it moves in forward speed this can avoid the chips clogging.
By summarizing all the benefits it can save time, saves labor cost, human effort, produce fine results, can do mass production etc.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableTo discuss about the technicalities of machine it is necessary to know about detail of major components that are uses in design.
Servo Motor:
A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It rotates moving parts with high efficiency and great precision it has both Forward/Reverse movement. For tapping the range of rpm is in between 450-500.
Lubricants:
The use of a suitable lubricant is essential with most tapping and threading operations. Recommended lubricants for some common materials are as follows: Carbon (mild) steel Petroleum-based or synthetic cutting oil. Alloy steel Petroleum-based cutting oil mixed with a small amount (approx. 10%) of kerosene or mineral spirits. This mixture is also suitable for use with stainless steel. Cast iron No lubricant. A low velocity air blast should be used to clear chips Aluminum Kerosene or mineral spirits mixed with a small amount (15–25%) of petroleum based cutting oil. In some cases, products such as WD-40, CRC 5-56 and 3-InOne Oil are acceptable substitutes. Brass Kerosene or mineral spirits. Bronze Kerosene or mineral spirits mixed with a small amount (10–15%) of petroleum based cutting oil.
Workpiece:
The material on which we are required to do tapping is of 1050 Aluminum Alloy.
Tap tools:
It is made of High speed steel (HSS)
Before tapping it is necessary to have a hole in a material for this we have to drill the hole. The size of drilled hole should be small as compared with the size of tap tool in order to perform tapping.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry ManufacturingOther IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 50000 | |||
| servo motor | Equipment | 1 | 9000 | 9000 |
| tap tools | Equipment | 3 | 1000 | 3000 |
| material | Equipment | 1 | 15000 | 15000 |
| work holding device | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| three jaw holding chuck | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| nut and bolts | Equipment | 30 | 50 | 1500 |
| bearings | Equipment | 5 | 500 | 2500 |
| labor | Miscellaneous | 1 | 8000 | 8000 |
| miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |