Design and development of solar powered EV charging station

The world around is us getting advanced by leaps and bounds, innovating the people?s lifestyle and the goods travel within and across cities, regions, and countries. Traveling faster and safer is an essential commodity in today?s era, leading towards the development of the transportation sector from

Project Title

Design and development of solar powered EV charging station

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

The world around is us getting advanced by leaps and bounds, innovating the people’s lifestyle and the goods travel within and across cities, regions, and countries. Traveling faster and safer is an essential commodity in today’s era, leading towards the development of the transportation sector from low-speed vehicles to high-speed supercars. It is estimated that the yearly passenger traffic would go beyond 80 trillion passenger-kilometers by 2030 (approximately 50% rise).  By 2050, the global transportation sector will record the addition of 1.2 billion cars on road; twice the present value.

The GHG (Greenhouse Gases) emission by various sectors, among which the energy sector is the major contributor to these emissions. About three-quarters of GHG emissions come from the energy sectors that is 73.2% of the total. There are several sub-sectors in the energy sector in which the transport sector is the second biggest contributor of GHG gasses with 16.2% of GHG emissions. Since the transport sector is a major contributor to GHG emission, the world witnessed a paradigm shift towards an eco-friendly transportation solution. Hence, Electric Vehicle (EV) and electricity-based emission less transportation became a viable solution.

Pakistan imports $13 million of crude oil yearly for transport sector. This results in increasing pressure on economic sector and will further harm the struggling climate of Pakistan. Pakistan, as a climate change and development action plan, followed the worldwide trend of adopting EV. Pakistan also aims to bring more than 100,000 electric cars, buses, and trucks, into the transport system over the next five years and advancing towards the goal of 30% of the vehicles running on batteries by 2030, to fight against the ever-increasing air pollution and climate change. The rising demand for EV would result in a subsequent increase in the charging stations throughout the country. The increasing charging stations in the country would result in an increased load on the power grids, consequently, more generation of electricity is inevitable, which leads to more fossil-fuel burning. Hence, it will lead to polluting the climate further.

To make the deployment of electric vehicles and their charging station thoroughly eco-friendly, renewable energy resources such as 'Solar' are utilized in the charging stations for emission-free generation and utilization of electricity for the charging of EVs.

This study proposes the design and development of a PV-array-based off-board EV charging system for the parking lots. The office hours in Pakistan are 8 hours a day from the morning to the evening and the cars are parked throughout the day at the workplace parking spaces and the cars can be charged at a normal charging rate using a PV-based charging facility. The proposed system is proposed to simulate using MATLAB and iHOGA software, and an experimental prototype is proposed to be fabricated.

Project Objectives

This research aims at the design and development of solar-powered electric vehicle charging station for workplaces. The objectives of this research are as under:

1. To determine the solar irradiance potential assessment of selected site.
2. To determine the load requirement and the ratings of the components required in the system.
3. To undertake the simulation of the solar PV charging system using the MATLAB
4. To fabricate the simulated system
5. To undertake the annual system performance using iHOGA software.

Project Implementation Method

FIG: FLOWCHART

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PROJECT RESEARCH:

Research of electric vehicle charging infrastructure including its types such as on-board or off-board system, charging levels, the main components such as PV panels, converters, batteries, controllers, and types of connectors, etc. Selection of the technology and the ratings of the components according to the prototype requirements.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

A detailed review of the various research papers of our respective topic was conducted to identify the gaps and the areas in this research project where further work can be done.

SIMULATION:

Before the design of a prototype, the complete simulation of the charging system and its performance evaluation will be conducted using the MATLAB and iHOGA software.

PROTOTYPE:

After the successful simulation model, the prototype development will be done in the parking lot of the department of electrical engineering of MUET Jamshoro. The prototype will charge the EV battery and the backup batteries, according to the given control strategy according to the variation of the solar irradiance throughout the day.

EVALUATION:

Finally, the evaluation regarding performance and safety will be compared with the specifically designed Solar based EV charging station. Hindrances in respect to the implementation of Solar based EV charging stations in Pakistan will be considered as well.

Benefits of the Project

• CLIMATE ACTION:

           The renewable energy resources such as Solar will promote and attract the eco-friendly generation. The hike in adoption of renewable resources for generation will minimize climate change.

• RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION:

           The smart control strategy in the charging station will enable the optimum consumption of energy.

• AFFORDABILITY AND CLEAN ENERGY:

           Renewable resources will also promote decentralized generation, consequently breaking the monopoly of IPP’S and DISCOS and making electricity affordable. The generation through renewable resources is emission-less               which provide us clean energy.

• GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING OF PEOPLE:

           The clean energy from renewable resources will help us in reducing the amount of GHG and CO2 emissions. Resulting in reduction of global warming and better atmosphere for the wellbeing of people

• ECONOMIC GROWTH:

           Decentralized renewable generation will potentially decrease the demand on the grid. Ultimately, reducing the top import of crude oil, hence, booming the economy.

• INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRCTURE:

           The local manufacturing of electric vehicle equipment and goods will promote infrastructure, develop transportation sector, increase the employment ratio and add up in the revenue generated from exports.

• LIFE BELOW WATER:

           The transition from non-renewable energy resources to renewable resources will decrease the imports of crude oil, hence, less oil will be present on water which decreases amount of oil spills.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Our project’s final deliverable will be a 0.5 kw solar based electric vehicle charging station. Further consisting of Buck-Boost converters, and with backup batteries, for charging the 360Wh electrical bicycle battery. The proposed system will charge the E-bike and backup battery at the time of full peak solar irradiance, and at the time of low solar irradiance both solar PV and battery backup with charge the battery of bike. Solar based charging station usage would pose a less threat to our changing climate. The analysis of performance parameters is going to give a clear view of what betterment is required more in the design.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Transportation

Other Industries

Energy

Core Technology

Clean Tech

Other Technologies

Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action, Life Below Water, Life on Land

Required Resources

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