Design and development of low-cost oxygen concentrator device
In the present scenario, Coronavirus has rampantly spread across the world and most people all over the world are either infected by this virus and their symptoms. One of the major issues that COVID-19 patients start facing is the inability to breathe properly. In present conditions, we can avoid th
Project Title
Design and development of low-cost oxygen concentrator device
Project Area of Specialization
Project Summary
In the present scenario, Coronavirus has rampantly spread across the world and most people all over the world are either infected by this virus and their symptoms. One of the major issues that COVID-19 patients start facing is the inability to breathe properly. In present conditions, we can avoid the rush at hospitals and treat patients at home easily. An oxygen concentrator is portable, so we have the best option as compared to a ventilator. Oxygen concentrators provide physical exercise tolerance, improved quality of sleep, and enhanced mental alertness.
The main objective of the device is to clean the air from nitrogen and other gases and produces fresh air up to 90%-97% oxygen. Normally air contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases. The working of the electromechanical system contains several parts. The filter is used which filter the air so that the dust particles and oiled particles remain out of air. After this, the device catches air (free from dust particles) from the environment by using an air compressor which compresses the air and increases the pressure up to three times. After that, the compressor moves air into two molecular sieve bed chambers one by one which is filled with Zeolites using a 4-sided solenoid valve to remove the nitrogen from the air. The Zeolites are used here because it is the best chemical to absorbs nitrogen and other gases. The air is compressed into the 1st molecular sieve bed where the nitrogen is adsorbed. Just after the 1st molecular sieve bed gets saturated, the solenoid valve comes into action again and opens the switch for the 2nd molecular sieve bed while closes the 1st one. The output of the air compressor is immediately switched to the 2nd sieve bed i.e., the compressor starts compressing air to the 2nd molecular sieve. While this sieve bed gets saturated by Nitrogen, the Nitrogen that was trapped in the 1st sieve bed is vented out. The sieve bed usually gets saturated(filled) at a pressure of 20psi. The molecular sieve beds are porous and thus have a large surface area, so they adsorb a large amount of Nitrogen. This process keeps on repeating to ensure a continuous flow of oxygen and the cleaning of nitrogen. This process of switching the sieve beds is known as Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). It then distributes the purified oxygen into the oxygen tank. Passes the oxygen from the humidifier to moisten the air which later then inserted into the nostrils. The output of Oxygen is controlled using a flowmeter where the flow can be set manually in Liters Per Minute (LPM).
Our aim is to implement the device in the local industry of Pakistan and for those hospitals who are unable to purchase costly medical devices because it will be cheaper than imported oxygen concentrators, the system will be portable, provides 90%-95% enriched oxygen to the patients.
Project Objectives
- Development of the prototype of a low-cost oxygen concentrator device to provide a sufficient supply of oxygen to the patients.
- Synthesize the electromechanical setup for a low-cost oxygen concentrator device.
- Evaluate the performance of the low-cost oxygen concentrator device.
Project Implementation Method
| The oxygen concentrator has a first part called a filter which filtered the air from dust, bacteria, and oiled particles so that the compressor and other components ahead are not affected. The compressor works as pressurized swing adsorption (PSA)which takes air free from dust particles and pressurized the airstream up to 2-3 times from the normal range and fed it to the columns(Sieve beds) containing Zeolites which absorbs the nitrogen and leaves the air when the columns of Zeolites become saturated then it releases nitrogen or exhaust nitrogen from the columns (Sieve beds) one by one and it can be done by Exhaust box, but before it, we are having here an electronic component named as 4 sided Solenoid valve that links with two columns of molecular containing zeolite (Sieve beds). The solenoid valve allows the pressurized air in the sieve bed (column 1) or we can say that the solenoid complete the first half cycle while the sieve bed (column 2) remain free, when a one-half cycle is completed then the solenoid valve closes the column 1 and allows the air to pass in sieve bed column 2, the cycling goes continuously and stored oxygen-free nitrogen in the tank. The product tank or storage tank is available next which stores the purified oxygen and at the top of the cylinder/tank we fix the pressure regulator which is used to check the pressure in the tank so that we have an idea about the quantity of providing oxygen, we are able to store up to 10L/min oxygen and with the help of regulator we can provide oxygen according to the patient need from 1L/min to 10L/min, similarly the humidifier moistens the oxygen before providing to the patient because direct purified oxygen can be poisonous and causes to throat remedies so that humidifier contains pure water which softens the oxygen. The block diagram is having a clear concept as we discussed above.
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The oxygen concentrator has a first part called a filter which filtered the air from dust, bacteria, and oiled particles so that the compressor and other components ahead are not affected. The compressor works as pressurized swing adsorption (PSA)which takes air free from dust particles and pressurized the airstream up to 2-3 times from the normal range and fed it to the columns(Sieve beds) containing Zeolites which absorbs the nitrogen and leaves the air when the columns of Zeolites become saturated then it releases nitrogen or exhaust nitrogen from the columns (Sieve beds) one by one and it can be done by Exhaust box, but before it, we are having here an electronic component named as 4 sided Solenoid valve that links with two columns of molecular containing zeolite (Sieve beds). The solenoid valve allows the pressurized air in the sieve bed (column 1) or we can say that the solenoid complete the first half cycle while the sieve bed (column 2) remain free, when a one-half cycle is completed then the solenoid valve closes the column 1 and allows the air to pass in sieve bed column 2, the cycling goes continuously and stored oxygen-free nitrogen in the tank.
The product tank or storage tank is available next which stores the purified oxygen and at the top of the cylinder/tank we fix the pressure regulator which is used to check the pressure in the tank so that we have an idea about the quantity of providing oxygen, we are able to store up to 10L/min oxygen and with the help of regulator we can provide oxygen according to the patient need from 1L/min to 10L/min, similarly the humidifier moistens the oxygen before providing to the patient because direct purified oxygen can be poisonous and causes to throat remedies so that humidifier contains pure water which softens the oxygen.
The block diagram is having a clear concept as we discussed above.
Benefits of the Project
The purpose of the device is to produce pure oxygen as the costly and effective provides but our system would be low cost so that we can implement the device in the local industry of Pakistan and for those hospitals and who are unable to purchase costly medical devices because it will be cheaper than imported oxygen concentrators, the system will be portable, provides 90%-93% enriched oxygen to the patients.
Technical Details of Final Deliverable
The final deliverable outcomes of the device are purely based on our design at a low cost so that we can easily promote our system in the sectors and implement the system which has the same features as the costly one has. The technical details of our system are based on the terminologies of separation technique by PSA with the consideration of minor things such as pressure, flow rate, time, and percentage of oxygen under the influence of filter and other parts.
Final Deliverable of the Project
Core Industry
Other Industries
Core Technology
Other Technologies
Sustainable Development Goals
Required Resources
| Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project | Milestone | Deliverable |
|---|---|---|
| Month 1 | Collection and study of research papers to study the recent work on it and gathering other related information. | A clear concept of the oxygen concentrator device. |
| Month 2 | A detailed review on the working and operating principle of the device. | We delivered the basic operation of the device that how it works. |
| Month 3 | Objective to study all the parts or components that has individual role. | Understanding of the mechanism of each component that are being used in the device. |
| Month 4 | To be focused on the chemistry and chemical processing of the material. | To be clear on the points and chemistry regarding to the material Zeolites, Air gases |
| Month 5 | To be worked on small scale with the components that are available, for better understanding. | To learn the process and to clean hands on the small-scale design with some available parts. |
| Month 6 | Working on the wide application of mechanical based small scaled system and compensate it. | To be known with the uses and applications in most of the industries. |
| Month 7 | Procurement of the components according to the required specifications | To purchase the components of defined technical specifications at lower rate as possible. |
| Month 8 | First to clean hands on each component individually and check, as per requirements. | We are able to understand and operate the components electrically and mechanically. |
| Month 9 | Synthesize designing of the oxygen concentrator under the technical and experienced guidance. | Gathered all the electromechanical components and construct the development. |
| Month 10 | Check and assess the possible outcomes. | On complete evaluation and development of the device, check the possible outcomes and certain specified conditions regarding to the oxygen concentrator. |
| Month 11 | Successful implementation of the device and to check on consumers/patients for testing results. | A collected data of results of project to compensate the device and its outcomes before implementing. |
| Month 12 | To fulfil the remaining requirements for well-equipped setup to promoting it to the next level. | Fulfil the possible changes if required so that it can be able to promote in the sectors and give the best. |
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