Delta 3D printer

Project Title

Delta 3D printer

Project Area of Specialization 3D/4D PrintingProject Summary

When 2D printers became popular, after some years the concept of 3D printing starts evolving. 3D printing is a concept to print objects layer by layer. Nowadays, the 3D printer has become very popular. It is not only the demand of industries but also used in places where prototyping is an essential constraint. 

Delta Type 3D printers became very popular at the beginning (2014-2015) since they allowed very high printing speeds, they need few components and simple structures to work well, which lowers their price.

Delta printers are so named because they move using a triangular system of coordinates. With three arms separated at equal angles from each other while each arm works independently. A delta printer’s extruder head is suspended in mid-air. These arms move up and down, extending and retracting, to control the extruder’s position; all arms work together to achieve a single movement. This means delta printers need different programming to translate XYZ coordinates into their triangular movement to extrude each layer. Each arm can move vertically up and down, but the extruder can move in all directions by moving each arm independently. Delta printers print with filaments such as PLA, ABS, flexibles, and other exotic filaments. The bed of the delta printers is usually circular instead of rectangular, and it never has to move. Though the average bed size of the printer is pretty small. Delta 3D printers have a print space that looks like a small cylinder.   

     

Reference:

Fuentes, L. (2021, July 22). Best Delta 3D Printers. Retrieved from The Best Delta 3D Printers of 2021: https://m.all3dp.com/2/best-delta-3d-printer/

Project Objectives

Project Objectives:

This project embarks on the following objectives:

• 3D printing uses Computer-aided design (CAD) to create three-dimensional objects through a layering method which involves layering materials like plastics, to create objects that range in shape, size, rigidity, and color.
• Delta 3D Printer will be able to print with high precision, accuracy and delicacy so the output or the final product attained is more attractive.
• They are much faster and has high printing speed than any other type of 3D printer.

Project Implementation Method

The first and most important step is defining the geometry of the object which has to be printed. The 3D object is designed in CAD. The designed object should be in STL format or Obj format which can be read by the Slicer software. STL format is the most commonly used format file for 3D printing. An STL (Standard Tessellation Language or STereoLithography) file is a format that describes the surface geometry of a 3D object without any color, texture, or other attributes. STL file defines the external closed surfaces of the original CAD model. Slicing software converts the 3d model into a 2d layer design model which can be read by the 3d printer. 

Input is given to the electronics that give the command to the motor according to the design in the CAD. The mechanical components include motors, an extruder that works accordingly, and the final layer by layer object is printed. After the object gets cooled the final product can be taken out.

Benefits of the Project

3D printing has developed significantly and can now perform crucial roles in many applications.

• Automotive companies are printing spare parts, tools, jigs, and fixtures but also end-use parts. Automotive enthusiasts all over the world are also using 3D printed parts to restore old cars.
• In the dental industry,  molds for clear aligners are possibly the most 3D-printed objects in the world.
• 3D printing also allows the production of individual, unique pieces of jewelry or customized pieces at a much lower cost, using 3D printing materials such as PLA (polylactic acid filament), gold, or platinum.
• 3D printed houses are also commercially available.

Reference:

Dehue, S. e. (2022). 3Dprinting.com. Retrieved from What is 3D Printing?: https://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

•  Full Height Print Area (XYZ) = 160mm x 160mm x 180mm (6.3" x 6.3" x 7.1")
• Useable Print Speed: 150mm/sec (7.9in/sec)
• X Y Print Tolerance: 0.0125 mm (12.5 Micron)
• Layer Thickness: 100 – 400 micron depending on nozzle (0.1mm - 0.4mm) (0.004" - 0.016")
• Supported Filament: 1.75mm & 3mm ABS and PLA plastic filaments
• Overall Dimensions (WDH): 320mm x 360mm x 615mm (12.6in x 14.2in x 24.2in)
• Weight: 5kg (11lbs)
• Power Requirements: 110 - 220 VAC, comes with USA power cord
• Maximum operating temperature: 240C Extruder & 120C Heated Bed

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry ManufacturingOther IndustriesCore Technology 3D/4D PrintingOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	79740
Arduino Mega 2560	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Ramps 1.4	Equipment	1	2500	2500
LCD 128x64 + SD Card Module	Equipment	1	3500	3500
Stepper Motor Driver	Equipment	4	800	3200
Tactical Limit Switch	Equipment	3	350	1050
Power Supply 10A	Equipment	1	3500	3500
Stepper Motor Nema17	Equipment	4	2200	8800
Extruder Module	Equipment	1	3000	3000
Hotend Module	Equipment	1	3000	3000
DC Fan	Equipment	2	350	700
DC Wires	Equipment	1	300	300
Aluminum Extrusion	Equipment	16	490	7840
V-Slot Wheels	Equipment	9	400	3600
Aluminum Rods	Equipment	6	250	1500
Ball Rodends	Equipment	12	150	1800
GT2 Pully	Equipment	6	450	2700
GT2 Timing Belt	Equipment	15	250	3750
3D Printed Parts	Equipment	50	290	14500
Nuts & Screws	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Switch, Connector	Equipment	1	500	500
Fuel	Miscellaneous	1	4000	4000
Electricity consumption	Miscellaneous	1	4000	4000
Poster and Reports Printing	Miscellaneous	1	2000	2000