CNC based Laser Engraving Machine
INTRODUCTION The CNC machine is constructed in three stages: (a) build mechanical frame, (b) assemble electric system and (c) install control and computing system Mechanical Hardware:
2025-06-28 16:25:49 - Adil Khan
CNC based Laser Engraving Machine
Project Area of Specialization 3D/4D PrintingProject SummaryINTRODUCTION
The CNC machine is constructed in three stages: (a) build mechanical frame, (b) assemble electric system and (c) install control and computing system
- Mechanical Hardware:
The mechanical system is assembled in such a way that the 2-axis movement is achieved by using the linear bearings and guide rods.We will use DVD ROMS for providing a linear frame of motion to servo motors. The motors will move in opposite direction hanging on the rod of DVD ROM. There will be two DVD ROMS used for this purpose. We intend to make a Laser Engraver, which will print patterns depending on the motion of servo motors.
- Electrical System:
After the completion of hardware, next step is to configure electrical system. The system is mounted with servos, arduino, PCB boards, various sensors, and etc [detail skipped]. The servo motors will be directly interfaced to arduino through CNC shield and motor drivers. The operation of servo motors will be based on the program placed in the arduino. Various libraries will be included to make the program compatible for Laser Engravers
- Install Control and Computing System:
Third and the last step deals with establishing the software and writing codes. Special-built libraries and programming environment will be used to interface software with hardware. After completing hardware and electrical system, we move to the software side of things. Here we will interface the electrical part of the project will computer software using arduino. For this purpose we will use GRBL libraries and G-code.
Project ObjectivesCurrent State of the Art:
There are lots of Laser Engravers in use these days. There are three main genres of engraving machines. The most common is the X-Y table where, usually, the work piece is stationery and the laser optic move around in two dimensions. Sometimes the laser is stationery and the work piece moves. Sometimes work piece moves in one axis and laser in the other.
The second genre is for cylindrical work pieces where the laser effectively transverses a fine helix on-off laser pulsing produces the desired image
In the third genre, both the laser and work piece stationery and galvanometer mirrors move the laser beam over the work piece surface
One of the most exciting new developments is a timing device, which we expect to see on one of the new lasers coming to the market by the end of the year. Laser designed to effectively remove the bonded orthodontic brackets without cutting tooth structure is of great significance.
Most of the Laser Engravers used in the market post 2015-16 have technology of both engraving and etching. Laser Engraving and Etching are different but many people confuse these and think same. Laser Etching is a technology which doesn’t burn the surface but melt it.
The Laser Engravers present in the market are very expensive. Even the cheapest is $300 dollars at least. Paying large amount of money to buy a Laser Engraver is not very preferred. This cost is primarily because of a control unit, which operates separately. The entire unit is made with very complex science and hence adds to the cost of the machine.
Specific Objectives addressed by the project
This project specially addresses laser engraving. The main objective of this project is to make a custom machine, which should be able to engrave/print unlimited patterns on different kinds of surfaces.
- To be used in the Electronic labs
- Cost Reduction
- To research on precision and accuracy
- To construct Easy to handle machine
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT
The CNC machine is constructed in three stages: (a) build mechanical frame, (b) assemble electric system and (c) install control and computing system
- Mechanical Hardware:
The mechanical system is assembled in such a way that the 2-axis movement is achieved by using the linear bearings and guide rods.We will use DVD ROMS for providing a linear frame of motion to servo motors. The motors will move in opposite direction hanging on the rod of DVD ROM. There will be two DVD ROMS used for this purpose. We intend to make a Laser Engraver, which will print patterns depending on the motion of servo motors.
- Electrical System:
After the completion of hardware, next step is to configure electrical system. The system is mounted with servos, arduino, PCB boards, various sensors, and etc [detail skipped]. The servo motors will be directly interfaced to arduino through CNC shield and motor drivers. The operation of servo motors will be based on the program placed in the arduino. Various libraries will be included to make the program compatible for Laser Engravers
- Install Control and Computing System:
Third and the last step deals with establishing the software and writing codes. Special-built libraries and programming environment will be used to interface software with hardware. After completing hardware and electrical system, we move to the software side of things. Here we will interface the electrical part of the project will computer software using arduino. For this purpose we will use GRBL libraries and G-code.
Benefits of the ProjectBeneficiaries
Wehave mentioned above on many occasions about the versatility of the machine. This is a kind of machine that can be used in different kinds of industries. Since, it has such an extending use, one must understand there is list of beneficiaries of this machine
- Students and domestic users
- Logo printers
- Stylists and designers
INTRODUCTION
The CNC machine is constructed in three stages: (a) build mechanical frame, (b) assemble electric system and (c) install control and computing system
- Mechanical Hardware:
The mechanical system is assembled in such a way that the 2-axis movement is achieved by using the linear bearings and guide rods.We will use DVD ROMS for providing a linear frame of motion to servo motors. The motors will move in opposite direction hanging on the rod of DVD ROM. There will be two DVD ROMS used for this purpose. We intend to make a Laser Engraver, which will print patterns depending on the motion of servo motors.
- Electrical System:
After the completion of hardware, next step is to configure electrical system. The system is mounted with servos, arduino, PCB boards, various sensors, and etc [detail skipped]. The servo motors will be directly interfaced to arduino through CNC shield and motor drivers. The operation of servo motors will be based on the program placed in the arduino. Various libraries will be included to make the program compatible for Laser Engravers
- Install Control and Computing System:
Third and the last step deals with establishing the software and writing codes. Special-built libraries and programming environment will be used to interface software with hardware. After completing hardware and electrical system, we move to the software side of things. Here we will interface the electrical part of the project will computer software using arduino. For this purpose we will use GRBL libraries and G-code.
Specific Objectives addressed by the project
This project specially addresses laser engraving. The main objective of this project is to make a custom machine, which should be able to engrave/print unlimited patterns on different kinds of surfaces.
- To be used in the Electronic labs
- Cost Reduction
- To research on precision and accuracy
- To construct Easy to handle machine
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 21869 | |||
| Laser Head | Equipment | 1 | 8246 | 8246 |
| CNC driver | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| Stepper motors | Equipment | 3 | 300 | 900 |
| Mount plates | Equipment | 6 | 195 | 1170 |
| 2040 V slot 500mm | Equipment | 2 | 717 | 1433 |
| 2020 V slot 500mm | Equipment | 2 | 580 | 1160 |
| Aluminium Spacers | Equipment | 12 | 180 | 2160 |
| 2020 corner brackets | Equipment | 4 | 50 | 200 |
| M5 hummer nuts | Equipment | 1 | 650 | 650 |
| Philips head | Equipment | 50 | 2 | 100 |
| Acro plates black acrylic | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| GT2 pulley 16T | Equipment | 3 | 250 | 750 |
| GT2 belt | Equipment | 2 | 150 | 300 |