charging station for Electric vehicles

Project Title

charging station for Electric vehicles

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) are hybrids that can be plugged into the power grid for battery charging. In general, they have a medium-capacity battery that allows the vehicle, in all-electric mode, to achieve a range of several dozen kilometres, and rates of acceleration and top speeds comparable to those of gasoline-powered vehicles. With the fuel options getting limited, there will be a time when the world will have to look for other fuel options. This is leading us towards alternative fuel sources. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are those vehicles which use both an electric motor and conventional internal combustion engine. These could become a potential alternative for eco-conscious buyers. The need for economical transport is increasing day by day. It is therefore essential to devise new technologies which can fulfill the requirements of cost-effective transportation. The main focus of this project is to provide cost-effective and eco-friendly charger as a source of mobility. in the comming days, Electric Vehicle's will be The most commonly used mode of transport in Pakistan. As it saves time and Provide alternative solution of fuel burning vehicles. However, vehicles in our country are mostly run by petrol, which is relatively expensive and hazardous to the environment. To overcome these issues, a hybrid vehicles can be a feasible solution. It will be eco-friendly as the ratio of petrol consumption will be less and electric energy will be high over a certain distance. we will design a charger to charge both the lithium- ion and lead acid batteries at a time and comparitively fast charger. These batteries will be charged through balanced charging based battery management systems (BMS) from utility supply.

Project Objectives

The objective of this project is to provide economical, energy efficient and eco-friendly source of transportation to the consumers. Due to high fuel prices, pure electric and hybrid motorbikes are getting more attraction. Hybrid motorbike is most suitable option for the developing country like Pakistan have both smooth and uneven roads. This will leads to achieve sustainable development goals.

Industrial objective:

The Hybrid vehicles market size is not significant at the very beginning, but consumer inclination towards the use of Hybrid vehicles as an eco-friendly and energy efficient solution gave this market a boom. In our opinion, this is a positive step towards the development of Pakistan's auto industry, and if it succeeds, we can build a feasible business model of its manufacturing in Pakistan. This will help in contributing the economy and the saving foreign exchange. The demand for electric vehicles is increasing due to rapid transformations taking place in the energy efficient and green automotive industry. Hybrid vehicles should provide an innovative solution to commuters.

Domestic objective:

Our target is to provide ecologically reasonable solution and alternative fuel vehicle to Pakistan’s consumers. People need something new and cheaper for the vehicles to run and due to high rates of fuel. In hybrid vehicles the amount of energy used is minimal, making them a more eco-friendly choice of transport. If there isn't any electricity available to charge the battery, then the internal combustion engine would run the vehicle on fuel.

Project Implementation Method

Before implementation of the project on hardware level, initially, the components are selected designed. Then, we made a schematic diagram of the electrical part of the project and run simulation on Proteus software. This was very helpful in getting the optimal values of the components. Later on, designed and tested circuit will be implemented on hardware. A bridge rectifier and buck converter will be assembled on the after the power supply to get the required voltage and current. Before charging the battery we will assembled a current current to find the current rating and one of its pin will connect to microcontroller to convey the message regarding the rating of current. bridge rectifier will converter the current from AC to Dc and buck vonverter gives us our required voltage at output side.after the buck converter we will assembled a voltage devider connect with the operational amplifier.it will tell us the rating of voltages.as the voltage at the output side of buck converter will increase the input voltage of OP-AMP will also be increase.the ouput of OP-AMP will connect to microcontroller and also used as a feedback. on the other hand we will assembled a step down transformer. this transformer will convert the voltage from 220V to 12V .on the output side of transformer we will assembled another bridge rectifier to convert the current and a voltage regulator to fix the voltage for microcontroller. microcontrooler will work as a brain of this circuit. after receiving the message from current sensor it will convey a message to bipolar junction transistoe to increase the amount of voltage and current. The whole project will be completed and executed within the required time frame. All the monitoring and operating states will be controlled both automatically and manually.

Benefits of the Project

1. Environmentally Friendly: One of the most significant advantages of a hybrid vehicles over the gasoline-powered vehicles is that it runs cleaner and has better gas mileage which makes it environmentally friendly. A hybrid vehicle runs on twin powered engine (gasoline engine and electric motor) that cuts fuel consumption and conserves energy.

2. Financial Benefits: Hybrid vehicles are supported by many credits and incentives that help to make them affordable. Lower annual tax bills and exemption from congestion charges come in the form of less amount of money spent on the fuel.

3. Less dependence on Fossil Fuels: A Hybrid vehicles is much cleaner and requires less fuel to run which means fewer emissions and less reliance on fossil fuels. This in turn also helps to reduce the price of gasoline in the domestic market.

4. Low maintenance: Hybrid vehicles mostly driven on batteries, so their maintenance is low.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Bridge Rectifier convert the current from AC to DC buck converter will reduce the voltage from 220 to our required range. Microcontroller monitor all these parameter and work accordingly to his coding and send pulse to the MOSFET to charge the battery.A fast charging station can allow the charging of an EV at 80% within a half of hour from its depletion, but to reduce the charging time from 7–8 h to 30 min.Charging time to 80% charge based on distance traveled. we will tell you the time to charge a battery with a 100-km range to 80% of its full capacity.if a vehicles travelled distance is 25 km then its estimated energy consumption is 5.2kWh and its rewuired power is 40kW and its approximate charging time is 8 minute. and if a vehicles travelled distance is 75 km then its estimated energy consumption is 15.6 kWh and its required power is 40kW and its approximate charging time is 25 minute.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry TransportationOther Industries Others Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	69800
Arduino Mega 2560	Equipment	2	1500	3000
Bridge Rectifier	Equipment	2	60	120
capacitor	Equipment	5	350	1750
inductor	Equipment	3	35	105
resistor	Equipment	10	25	250
transformer	Equipment	2	800	1600
MOSFET	Equipment	20	100	2000
current sensor	Equipment	4	350	1400
voltage regulator	Equipment	2	100	200
diode	Equipment	10	40	400
OP-AMP	Equipment	3	175	525
BJT	Equipment	5	50	250
temperature sensor	Equipment	2	200	400
electrical wires	Equipment	1	1300	1300
stationary	Miscellaneous	1	5000	5000
Lead acid battery	Equipment	1	10000	10000
Li-ion cell	Equipment	400	100	40000
PCB Board	Equipment	5	300	1500