Blockchain based E-voting system
The Blockchain-Enabled E-Voting (BEV) uses a digital-currency analogy where in eligible voters can cast a ballot anonymously using a computing environment. BEV employs an encrypted key, smart biometrics and tamperproof real time personal ID verification. Blockchain enable the creation of tamper-proo
2025-06-28 16:30:39 - Adil Khan
Blockchain based E-voting system
Project Area of Specialization BlockchainProject SummaryThe Blockchain-Enabled E-Voting (BEV) uses a digital-currency analogy where in eligible voters can cast a ballot anonymously using a computing environment. BEV employs an encrypted key, smart biometrics and tamperproof real time personal ID verification. Blockchain enable the creation of tamper-proof audit trails for voting. The idea of adapting digital voting systems to make the public electoral process cheaper, faster and easier, is a compelling one in modern society which normalizes it in the eyes of the voters, removes a certain power barrier between the voter and the elected candidate, thus making it an effective way for casting vote in this generation of technology.
E-Voting is the use of electronic devices, such as voting machines or a web browser, to cast votes and it is a one of the method of casting votes which uses electronic systems to aid casting and counting votes in an election in cryptography. It secures Multi-Party Computation (MPC) because of the properties such as transparency, decentralization, irreversibility nonrepudiation. In general, two main types of e-voting can be identified:
1. E-voting which is physically supervised by representatives of governmental or independent electoral authorities (e.g. electronic voting machines located at polling stations).
2. Remote e-voting via the Internet (also called i-voting) where the voter submits their votes electronically to the election authorities, from any location. Blockchain has a large potential when integrated into many areas.
The proposed system involves a client server architecture integrated with a block chain system. The minimum requirements needed by a voter is a smartphone or a computer. BEV issues each voter a “wallet” containing a user credential. Each voter gets a “digital coin” as ether representing one opportunity to vote. Voters can cast their vote before a preset deadline. The objectives of the adoption of the Blockchain technology in the solution are to provide a decentralized architecture; To support a voting scheme that is open, fair and independently verifiable; To optimize the electoral process that enables secure, quick, cost effective, transparency and improved identity verification.
Project ObjectivesThe objectives of our project is judge the adequacy and security parameters of a voting system so it is necessary to evaluate twelve core requirements. These requirements are presented by order of relevance, from the most important to the least important (Nogueira and Sá-Soares 2012).
- Authenticity: Only users with the right to vote should be able to cast a vote.
- Singularity: Each voter should be able to vote only once.
- Anonymity: It should not be possible to associate a vote to a voter.
- Integrity: Votes should not be able to be modified or destroyed.
- Uncoercability: No voter should be able to prove the vote that he/she has casted.
- Verifiability: Anyone should be able to independently verify that all votes have been correctly counted.
- Auditability and Certifiability: Voting systems should be able to be tested, audited and certifiable by independent agents.
- Mobility: Voting systems should not restrict the voting place.
- Transparency: Voting systems should be clear and transmit accuracy, precision, and security to voter.
- Availability: Voting systems should be always available during the voting period.
- Accessibility and Convenience: Voting systems should be accessible by people with special needs and without requiring specific equipment or abilities.
- Detectability and Recoverability: Voting systems should detect errors, faults and attacks and recover voting information to the point of failure.
Waterfall methodlogy is used during development.
Blockchain Enabled E-Voting Application Architecture.
- Users :
There are three types of users who can interact with the application, being them the administrator, the creator and the voter. The administrator has the responsibility for the initial deployment of the contracts and grants or revokes the permission for a user to create ballots. The creator is a user who was granted permission for creating new ballots. The voter, as the name indicates, is the user who can vote for a candidate in a certain ballot.
- Interface and API :
The user interface is a simple website that allows users to access the functionalities of the application with the database. The API is responsible to react to actions made on the interface and interact with the encryption server and the blockchain. For each request made in the interface, it will interact with the encryption server by server calls to encrypt, decrypt or add votes. To interact with the blockchain, transactions or web3.eth.calls are used, in order to store or retrieve information, respectively. The web3.eth.call executes a message call transaction, which is directly executed in the virtual machine of the node, but it is never mined into the blockchain, by doing so it is possible to retrieve information from the blockchain without paying startgaz.
- Contracts :
In order to reach a higher performance level, the application functionalities are divided into three contracts, being them Record, Creator and Election. Each one with a specific purpose, but all of them working together to achieve the same goal. it is possible to analyze the memory field structure of each smart contract, the lines between fields represent relational data.
Contracts Information Details
- Functionalities :
Regarding the functionalities that are available to users, the Use Case diagram below represents which users can access each one of the functionalities.
Use Case Diagram Of Functionalities
- Encryption Server :
In order to ensure the privacy of the votes, it is necessary to prevent unauthorized access to the votes. To achieve that, each vote needs to be encrypted before being transacted to the blockchain. The definition of homomorphism is a structure-preserving map between two algebraic structures. Homomorphic encryption is a public key encryption scheme with properties that allow specific types of computations to be carried out on ciphertext, generating an encrypted result, when decrypted the result will be equal to perform the same operation on the plaintext. Making possible to operate on messages without ever releasing their content (Yi, Paulet, and Bertino 2014). The Paillier scheme inherits the same properties as the Homomorphic encryption, such as the homomorphic addition and multiplication of plaintexts. These properties make possible to manage votes without revealing it.
Benefits of the ProjectVoting is a very crucial activity for any institution or organization that needs to elect a certain entity for a certain role. Historically, the most common way to vote, still largely used nowadays, is through a paper based system. Of course, this is not the safest nor the most convenient or economical method to support the voting process. Traditional elections satisfy neither citizens nor political authorities in recent years. They are not fully secure since it is easy to attack votes. It threatens also privacy and transparency of voters and others drawbacks of traditional elections are: Expensive; Time consuming; Too much paper work; Errors during data entry; Loss of registration forms; Short time provided to view voter’s register; Number of voters end up being locked out from voting; Security issues. The current existing e-voting system has large number of issues like voter privacy, security problems ( cyber-attacks and lack of transparency and trust).
Electronic voting systems might be the solution to the disadvantages mentioned above. The first electronic voting system was introduced in the early eighties (Ayed 2017). Since then, the method of voting has evolved over time to improve its speed, security, flexibility, availability and cost during its three main steps, being them the authentication of the voter, the casting of the vote and lastly, the exposing of the results and the blockchain technology may address many issues regarding e-voting schemes mentioned above and make e-voting cheaper, easier, and much more secure to implement and are formed as decentralized networked systems of computers, which are used for validating and recording the pure online transactions. They also constitute ledgers, where digital data is tied to each other, called the blockchain. The records on the blockchains are essentially immutable.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableFirst we do analysis and problem identification of our project for full understandment, then we collect the data of our project from research papers and books, then we design and build the prototype for sample project running, then we do implementation of the working project in the last we do testing of our project.
Following are expected tools and technologies we required to build our projects:-
- JavaScript
- npm
- HTML
- My SQL
- PHP
- Block chain
- git
- Sublime
- Browsers
- File Transfer Protocol Tools
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 30000 | |||
| Smart Phone | Equipment | 1 | 15000 | 15000 |
| USB Flash Drive | Equipment | 2 | 700 | 1400 |
| 4G Internet Device | Equipment | 1 | 3600 | 3600 |
| Internet Monthly Bundles | Miscellaneous | 2 | 5000 | 10000 |