Automatic Underground Cable Fault Detector with sms alert
Underground cables are used for power applications where it is impractical, difficult, or dangerous to use the overhead lines. They are widely used in densely populated urban areas, in factories, and even to supply power from the overhead posts to the consumer premises. A good condition and p
2025-06-28 16:30:29 - Adil Khan
Automatic Underground Cable Fault Detector with sms alert
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryUnderground cables are used for power applications where it is impractical, difficult, or dangerous to use the overhead lines. They are widely used in densely populated urban areas, in factories, and even to supply power from the overhead posts to the consumer premises.
A good condition and properly installed cable can last a lifeline of about 30 years , however cables can be easily damaged by improper installation or poorly executed jointing , while subsequent third party damaged by civil work such as trenching.
Underground cables are prone to a wide of faults due to underground condition wear and tear , rodents etc.
uWe have proposed a new technique to diminish the fault related harms in underground cables with the high accuracy.
In our work we have used IOT based technique with Google database for the fault exposure by means of the help of Node MCU WIFI Module and PIC Microcontroller. It is totally based on IOT. The accuracy and efficiency of our proposed scheme is more as evaluate to the other techniques.
underground fault divided into three types
Open circuit fault :- when there is break in the conductor of the cable , it is called open circuit fault of the cable .
Short circuit fault:- when two conductors of a multi-core cable come in electrical contacts with each other due to insulation failure it is called short circuit fault.
Earth fault:- when the conductor of the cable comes in contact with earth its called earth fault.
The project is used to detect the location of faults in digital way .
Improve the system reliability and reduced outage period .
This project uses the simple concept of ohms law.
The project work is intended to detect the location of the fault in underground cable lines from base station in KM using a PIC 16F877A MC. And SMS alert using GSM.
The current would vary (ohm’s law) depending the length of fault of the cable
The proposed system finds the exact location of the fault .
The prototype is modeled with a set of resistors representing cable length in KM and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known distance .
In the case of fault occurring distance , phase , time is displayed on 16*2 LCD interfaced with microcontroller
The proposed system is an IOT enabled underground cable fault detector system with SMS alert
Principle behind this is ohms law .
When the faults occurs in the cable the voltage varies which is used to calculate the fault distance
Current sensing circuit of the cable provides the magnitude of voltage drops across the resistor to the MC and based on the voltage the fault distance is located .
Resistor used in cables
Relay will cut the line when the fault is occur
Switches used to create a fault
Project ObjectivesThe project is used to detect the location of faults in digital way .
Improve the system reliability and reduced outage period .
The project work is intended to detect the location of the fault in underground cable lines from base station in KM using a PIC 16F877A MC. And SMS alert using GSM.
Project Implementation Methodthe methodology of this project is based on hardware also software based
we create the resistinance in the cable through switchs and get a quick responce through microcontroller and relays will cut the faulty cable through circuit after it MC display the distance and cabel name on LCD.
GSM module will send a SMS alert to specific mobile number.
in other words
we use this project to indentified underground cables faults .
firstly we create a fault through swtiches after it switch is on then system call and read ADC function then based on ADC value distance in KM is obtained , After it display location of fault in LCD, Read the input pin in PORT which is high, dispaly the phase and time of fault in LCD, then display of information in webpage. in last the through GSM we get a SMS alert.
Benefits of the Projectthe main benefits of this project are given below
1) we take a quick alert through SMS .
2) in SMS we indientified its distance , cable name and location
3) this project also dispaly the fault on LCD .
4) through this project man work will be easy and timeless..
5) this project also effiicent because it help to minimise the faulty area of cabel due to relay switching.
6)the project is affordable for all .
7) this project is not complex based on simple concept of ohms law .
Technical Details of Final Deliverablethe following circuit we are used
stepdown transformer which step down the AC voltage 230 /13 AC.
rectifier which rectify the AC voltage,
regulator
PIC MC
CURRENT SENSING CIRCUIT
RELAY DRIVER IC.
multiplexed relay
lCD DISPLAY
GMS.
WIFI module.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Education , Manufacturing , Others Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 11940 | |||
| step down transformer | Equipment | 1 | 300 | 300 |
| Rectifier | Equipment | 1 | 20 | 20 |
| regulator | Equipment | 1 | 100 | 100 |
| PIC Microcontroler | Equipment | 1 | 900 | 900 |
| GSM | Equipment | 1 | 5500 | 5500 |
| current sensing circuit | Equipment | 1 | 750 | 750 |
| relay driver | Equipment | 1 | 360 | 360 |
| relays | Equipment | 3 | 70 | 210 |
| underground cable | Equipment | 3 | 80 | 240 |
| resistors | Equipment | 40 | 10 | 400 |
| jumper wires | Equipment | 50 | 10 | 500 |
| switches | Equipment | 25 | 10 | 250 |
| viro board | Equipment | 3 | 200 | 600 |
| bardboard | Equipment | 2 | 250 | 500 |
| soldering wires | Equipment | 3 | 50 | 150 |
| transformer wire | Equipment | 1 | 200 | 200 |
| LCD | Equipment | 1 | 430 | 430 |
| wifi module | Equipment | 1 | 530 | 530 |