Architecture less smart system for green and clean environment (smart city solution)
Garbage handling is a big challenge in cities, there are several IoT oriented waste management system working in developed countries using smart devices such as sensors and IoT devices which an architecture-oriented solution. A country like Pakistan where due to lack of IoT solution, it is not easy
2025-06-28 16:25:09 - Adil Khan
Architecture less smart system for green and clean environment (smart city solution)
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryGarbage handling is a big challenge in cities, there are several IoT oriented waste management system working in developed countries using smart devices such as sensors and IoT devices which an architecture-oriented solution. A country like Pakistan where due to lack of IoT solution, it is not easy to deploy such solution where architecture-oriented system faces a lot of safety issues. Departments face difficulty to handle such systems where a lot of smart systems are deployed and keeping them safe in open areas is not possible. On the basis of above mention limitation, there should be a system that can handle, dispose of garbage efficiently and this could be possible if there should an architecture-less garbage detection system.
This system will replace the previous methods of measuring the volume of waste through sensors that are fixed in bins and the chances of damaging the Sensor are likely more.
In the proposed system, drones play a vital role and replace the existing architecture-oriented systems. Propose system works on a train smart camera that detects the Garbage in the bins and the surroundings through drone footage.
A color-code bin uses to measure the level of waste in the defined area. The architecture of the bin is consisting of a base connected with a spring balance of color-coded plate. When the bin starts filling with garbage the color-coded plate will rise and show the color level Low-to-High (Green, Yellow, Orange, Red) from which the camera can detect the level and weight of garbage. Through this data effective actions can be taken by the municipal corporation department of the city.
People most often throw garbage carelessly and most of the garbage does not go into the bins hence a measurement of waste is not accurate in the traditional system. Through AI camera can also detect the waste near the garbage bins, and from the detected data can measure the spread of waste near the bins also. Hance providing accurate results.
In the future proposed system can work as an autonomous drone flying system to monitor garbage.
Project Objectives- Garbage/waste detection
- Waste/Garbage Recognition
- Measurement of garbage level
- Smart garbage bin with a color-coded system
- Obstacle avoidance drone
- Collaboration with administrator and waste management vehicles.
- No physical architecture required to make the system smart like sensors etc.
Implementation methodology:
Garbage/waste detection:
- Training the camera using the YOLO v4 algorithm
- Through ai camera detect the Waste/Garbage
- Detection of waste near the garbage bins and in the open also
- Real-time analysis of data from drone camera through video transmitter and receiver.
- Collect images of garbage from surroundings to create our custom dataset and label it in the YOLO v4 format with LabelIMG software to train our YOLO v4 algorithm.
Measurement of waist level:
- Custom created a bin for waste measurement which consists of a color-coded plate with a spring balance.
- The color-coded plate will rise when the bin starts to fill.
- Through AI camera system can detect the colors and measure the level of waste.
- Future Work.
Location of waste:
- Through a proper routing system, we will not need to operate the drone manually to check the garbage locations.
- The drone will automatically detect the garbage bins in the fixed route and provide the filled bin location to the nearest garbage truck.
River’s pollution measurement:
- Most of the garbage is located on the side of the river we must locate and measure the amount of waste in the rivers also.
- Through this data, we can take the proper measurement to stop the waste spread in the rivers also.
Other Use Cases:
- The drone camera can also be used for surveillance in sensitive security areas and many more!
- The Drone can also be used in many disaster situations like floods finding the peoples in less time and saving many lives.
This project plays an important role in smart city solutions as it is helpful in managing garbage and tells what percent of the city is polluted. It also records air pollution in the environment and keeps track of the daily percentage of gasses in the air. Other benefits include:
- Replacing the Sensor-based Garbage bins. Which was the architecture-based system.
- Architecture-less system.
- Accurate measurement of waste from in and out garbage bins.
- Improved waste management
The final product will be a device having the following hardware and software components:
- Batteries: These batteries will power the programmable bed and motors.
- Programmable hardware kit Raspberry pi: To work as a microcontroller and ide to run on a computer.
- GSM controller/wi-fi module: Used for communication over GSM and/or internet.
- Desktop interface: To analyze the data from the drone camera feed.
- HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor: To avoid obstacles in the way of drone.
- DJI F550 Hexa-copter complete Kit: This kit will contain DC motors, propellers, and a Hexa-copter frame.
- 8MP Pi Camera: For detection of garbage and level detection
- APM 2.8 Flight Controller with Accessories: One piece of APM 2.8, One piece of shock absorber, One piece of M8N Ublox GPS, One GPS vertical fitting, One piece of JR male to male jumper wire 10cm.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 70000 | |||
| DJI F550 Hexa-copter Complete Kit | Equipment | 1 | 13000 | 13000 |
| Raspberry Pi 4 B 2GB RAM | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| 8MP Raspberry pi camera module v2 | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| 48Ch 5.8G 600mw 5km Wireless AV Transmitter TS832 Receiver RC832 for F | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| HC-SR04 ultrasonic Distance Sensor | Equipment | 6 | 250 | 1500 |
| HRB 4S 6000mAh 14.8V 50C RC Lipo Battery | Equipment | 1 | 11000 | 11000 |
| Garbage bin and plate | Equipment | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |
| APM 2.8 Flight Controller with Accessories | Equipment | 1 | 13000 | 13000 |
| HRB 4S 6000mAh 14.8V 50C RC Lipo battery charger | Equipment | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |