An IOT Based Design of Solar Charge Controller (MPPT) Using MQTT Protocol
Summary/Project idea: The central idea of the project is to use solar panels, but solar panel does not give enough efficiency we need. Charge controller with solar not only increase the efficiency of solar
2025-06-28 16:30:13 - Adil Khan
Project Title
An IOT Based Design of Solar Charge Controller (MPPT) Using MQTT Protocol
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummarySummary/Project idea:
- The central idea of the project is to use solar panels, but solar panel does not give enough efficiency we need.
- Charge controller with solar not only increase the efficiency of solar panel but also protect the battery from reverse current & design will be efficient to get excellent results that can be used in daily life purposes especially for rural areas where no electricity due to load shedding etc.
Reason to implement Project Idea:
- The demand of electricity is constantly increasing day by day,Our country, Pakistan lags way behind in the field and resources are reducing like water and coal, and as well as extracting energy from them is costly. For this reason it is required to find an alternative way for producing electrical energy which is not only cheap but as well as safe for environment.
- Solar energy is the only available energy in almost every part of the world which is not only cheap but pollution-free naturally source.
Our main objectives are:
- Protect the battery for overcharging and reverse current.
- To utilize natural resources in a much better way possible.
- To get the maximum possible power from the photovoltaic (PV) systems.
- Monitoring of Overcharging, Voltage drop, Current Ratings & Circuit failure or system maintenance using Iot.
- The primary objective of the project is to produce Electricity from Source (Sun) and transmits to Rural Areas for multiple requirements like agriculture and other fields of platform where they utilize that power.
In Our Project,
- we are going to implement a PV charge controller using MQTT Protocol over Arduino Nano platform.
- We shall also use IOT technique to monitor the performance of PV system.
- The design has many protective circuits to deal with abnormal situations and associated LCD display and LED indicator.
- Our project design is suitable for 50W solar panels to charge a 12V lead-acid battery.
- With the change of solar radiation and temperature and other factors, the maximum power point (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation system will change.
- Therefore, the design of an efficient photovoltaic system to track the Maximum Power Point is necessary.
- We have implemented the most commonly used MPPT algorithm Perturb and Observe (PO) to control the output of the buck converter.
- We Use MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a machine-to-machine (M2M)/ 'Internet of Things' connectivity protocol.
- It is designed as an extremely lightweight publish/subscribe messaging transport and is useful for connections with remote locations too.
Rated Solar Charge Controller Criteria:
Solar charge controllers are rated according to the maximum input voltage (V) and maximum charge current (A). These two ratings determine how many solar panels can be attached
- Current Amp (A) rating = maximum input and charging current.
- Maximum Voltage (V) rating = Max voltage (Voc) of the solar panel/s
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Red Arrow --------------------- Power
Black Arrow -------------------- Control
Benefits of the ProjectBenefits:
- Environment Clean/Green Pakistan
- This Idea Method is Quite cheaper & Reasonable instead of hydro and other source of production of electricity while implemented our idea their will be reduction in cost of electricity bills in our house as well as commercial,Rural & industrial Areas.
- Lossses in power should be Minimize.
- MPPT charge controllers, the effectiveness of the solar system can increased to 30%.By lowering the current by introducing some resistance in the path of the current
- MPPT keeps the battery healthy and also it ensures the device functions at an optimum level. By protecting the batteries from getting overcharged by the solar arrays and over discharged by the heavy loads, charge controllers increases the life span of the batteries.
- MPPT solar charge controller reduces complexity of system while output of system is high efficiency. Additionally, it can be applied to use with more energy sources. Since PV output power is used to control DC-DC converter directly.
- MPPT Increase battery life because they properly charge the battery and during the night they restrict the reverse charge flow from battery to solar panels.
%20Using%20MQTT%20Protocol%20_1639947487.png)
- Picture Path: https://www.cleanenergyreviews.info/blog/mppt-solar-charge-controllers
- Many charge controllers available , but ordinary cheap charge controllers are not efficient for use with maximum power from solar panels, and the ones which are efficient are very costly.
- So we decided to make prototype charge controller to be efficient and smart enough to understand the battery needs and solar conditions. It takes appropriate actions to draw maximum available power from solar and put it inside the battery very efficiently. The PV cells have low efficiency as compared to other resources like hydro or thermal.
- So to increases this efficiency we apply IOT and MQTT. Moreover switching speed of our system can efficient using MOSFETS.
- Environment will be green whenever implemented this setup as a input in our Hydro & Thermal plants the air pollution will be .
So Final Deliverable will be Simulation as well as Hardware.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries IT , Energy Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Internet of Things (IoT), Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate ActionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 34000 | |||
| Arduino | Equipment | 1 | 950 | 950 |
| Current Sensor | Equipment | 1 | 650 | 650 |
| Buck Converter | Equipment | 1 | 750 | 750 |
| Wifi Module | Equipment | 1 | 850 | 850 |
| LCD display | Equipment | 1 | 700 | 700 |
| MOSFETs | Equipment | 5 | 150 | 750 |
| Solar panel | Equipment | 1 | 5500 | 5500 |
| Battery | Equipment | 1 | 2550 | 2550 |
| Load | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| MOSFET driver | Equipment | 1 | 450 | 450 |
| 3.3V Linear regulator | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |
| Transistor | Equipment | 2 | 50 | 100 |
| Diodes | Equipment | 3 | 120 | 360 |
| TVS diode | Equipment | 3 | 120 | 360 |
| Resistors | Equipment | 15 | 3 | 45 |
| Capacitors | Equipment | 2 | 425 | 850 |
| LEDs | Equipment | 6 | 5 | 30 |
| Prototype Board | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Wires and Jumper wires | Equipment | 1 | 250 | 250 |
| Header Pins | Equipment | 10 | 10 | 100 |
| DIP Socket | Equipment | 1 | 450 | 450 |
| Screw Terminals | Equipment | 1 | 250 | 250 |
| Fuse Holders | Equipment | 1 | 200 | 200 |
| Push Switch | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |
| Rocker /Toggle Switch | Equipment | 1 | 155 | 155 |
| Female USB port | Equipment | 1 | 150 | 150 |
| JST connector | Equipment | 1 | 250 | 250 |
| Heat Sinks | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Enclosure | Equipment | 1 | 750 | 750 |
| Plastic Base | Equipment | 1 | 750 | 750 |
| Spacers | Equipment | 1 | 350 | 350 |
| Screws/Nuts/Bolts | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Other Hardware cost | Miscellaneous | 1 | 7000 | 7000 |
| Thesis Binding & Printing | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |
| Glass VeroBoard | Equipment | 3 | 250 | 750 |