air quality monitoring using Sensor network

Air provides oxygen for humans to live. Poor air quality endangers humans, animals, and plants. In today's fast-paced industrialised world, Ozone and particle pollution affect air quality. While the former causes smog and breathing difficulties, the latter causes long-term lung diseases and heart at

Project Title

air quality monitoring using Sensor network

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Air provides oxygen for humans to live. Poor air quality endangers humans, animals, and plants. In today's fast-paced industrialised world, Ozone and particle pollution affect air quality. While the former causes smog and breathing difficulties, the latter causes long-term lung diseases and heart attacks. Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA) release Air Quality Indexes (AQI) worldwide, based on centralised monitoring stations. However, current urbanisation and lifestyle contribute to the problem of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) and rapid changes in air quality. This project aims to deploy low-cost, high-accuracy RAQMS in fixed and mobile deployments, where real-time AQI is measured and transmitted to a centralised system. Local governments, urban development agencies, and EPAs can use the real-time data to better plan infrastructure to reduce carbon footprint and improve air quality.
Air pollution comes in many forms and originates from multiple sources, including heat-emitted cars, power plants, industrial units, burning fossil fuels, aerosols, and wildfires that burn millions of acres each year. Ozone is formed when sunlight strikes oxygen particles in the upper atmosphere. When UV rays hit our oxygen-rich atmosphere, they create Ozone (O3), which protects us. In the lower atmosphere, burning fuels, vehicle exhaust, fires, and industrial chemicals form another ozone layer close to the ground. Surface ozone levels have risen since the industrial revolution, and this trend is expected to continue as urbanisation and industrialization progress. We've seen green energy and green industry as one of the key driving factors of Industry 4.0. Proper urban planning can move industries and carbon-emitting processes away from people. Schools, universities, hospitals, and housing units can be monitored and alerted before air quality deteriorates. Monitoring and regulating highway and motorway traffic can prevent congestion and heat islanding. Depending on the area's needs and the accuracy of modelling ambient pollution, there are multiple air monitoring systems (ambient static, ambient mobile and stack emissions etc.). This project aims to deploy real-time distributed static and mobile air monitoring systems that can monitor a POI or critical region.

Project Objectives

• To survey sites (urban/rural) for point of interests where RAQMS must be deployed
• Design of Long-range ambient static nodes with support of active and low-power operational modes
• Design of mobile-ambient nodes for distributed and crowd-sourced sensing applications
• Cloud configuration of database, application and dense computing node for data processing
• Analytics engine deployment for data filtration and output connectivity interface
• Resource Hub creation assisting the dataset modeling that can be later used for predictive and machine learning analysis for future projects

Project Implementation Method

The mobile nodes will be equipped with 3G/4G internet modules that can transmit sensor data directly to the cloud, avoiding intermittent delays and dependence on gateway devices due to urban network coverage. These mobile nodes will carry temperature, particle, and metal oxide sensors to measure carbon and other air pollutants. Temperature readings and GPS coordinates can be used to create a real-time map of city air quality. These low-power nodes will be deployed to highway junctions, motorways, and other densely populated areas like office sectors to measure the urban heat island (UHI) effect caused by traffic congestion and vehicle emissions and heat. The UHI generates a high volume of particle emissions in a closed area and raises the temperature, which fluctuates air quality. Mobile nodes will also generate heat maps and traffic congestion maps that future Intelligent Transportation Departments can use to design traffic patterns and secondary routes for smarter traffic engineering.

Static nodes will be equipped with wind speed, light, temperature, metal-oxide, eletro-chemical, and particle flow sensors to model the area. These static nodes are typically deployed in schools, universities, hospitals, eldercare facilities, urban residential complexes, and community centres to generate air quality heat maps. These monitoring stations will be equipped with low-power long-range radio technologies that can sense and transmit information to distributed gateways 5–10 kilometres away, efficiently mapping councils, administrative units, and the entire city. These gateways will connect to air quality monitoring systems and share data with local authorities.

Finally, a cloud-based solution will store incoming data from static and mobile nodes and process it in real-time using cloud-based dense nodes computation. Cloud analytics will analyse and project real-time values. These air quality trends can be shared with local and federal authorities for research and planning. These devices' data will be curated and made public for further research and planning.

Benefits of the Project

• Cost-effective Battery-operated Air Quality Monitoring nodes that can be deployed in various scenarios to monitor air quality
• Ultra-low power long distance air quality monitoring nodes to monitor specific point of interests
• Cloud based analytical model to monitor and predict the Air Quality Index
• Functional code and prototype that can be scaled up by associating research departments

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

• At least 1 journal paper in ISI/Scopus peer-reviewed International Journal
• Cloud based analytical model to monitor and predict the Air Quality Index
• Functional code and prototype that can be scaled up by associating research departments

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

IT

Other Industries

Telecommunication

Core Technology

Wearables and Implantables

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People

Required Resources

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