Advance Invulnerability System for 3 Phase Asynchronous Motor

Project Title

Advance Invulnerability System for 3 Phase Asynchronous Motor

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

Due to the robust construction and ease of control, three-phase asynchronous motors are widely preferred over many other motors for the AC motor driven applications. This three-phase motor is accountable for larger load operations in several applications like goods and lift hoists, conveyors, compressors, pumps, ventilation systems, industrial fan controllers, etc.With the invention of adjustable speed drives and several other types of motor starters, three-phase motors have become favorable drives for variable speed applications. As these motors are important in load driving, it is also important to ensure their safety & protection against starting inrush currents, overloads, single phasing, overheating and other faulty conditions. Before going into the details of these motors and their protection systems, let us look on three-phase motor basics.

Three Phase Ac Motors:

Three-phase or poly-phase motors are of mainly two types: induction or asynchronous motors and synchronous motors. Synchronous motors are special types of motors used in constant speed applications, whereas most of the motors used in the industrial applications are of induction type. This article concentrates only on three-phase induction motor and its protection.These motors are squirrel and slip-ring type induction motors. Three-phase induction motor consists of a stator and a rotor, and there is no electrical connection between these two. These stator and rotors are made up of high-magnetic core materials with less hysteresis and eddy current losses. The Stator consists of three phase windings overlapped with one another at 120 degree phase shift. These windings are excited by three-phase main supply.This three-phase AC motor rotor is different for the slip ring and squirrel cage induction motors. In a squirrel-cage motor, the rotor consists of heavy aluminum or copper bars that are shorted on both ends of the cylindrical rotor. In a slip-ring-type induction motor, the rotor consists of three phase windings that are internally starred at one end, and the other ends are brought outside and connected to the slip rings mounted on the rotor shaft, as shown in the figure. With the help of carbon brushes, rheostat is connected to these windings for developing a high starting torque.

Principle of Operation: Whenever three-phase supply is given to the three-phase stator winding, a rotating magnetic field with 120 displacements at constant magnitude and rotating at a synchronous speed is produced in it. This changing magnetic field travels over to the rotor conductor causing to induce a current in the rotor conductors according to the Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction. As the rotor conductors are shorted, the current starts to flow through these conductors.

Project Objectives

1 The main aim is to Monitor, Control and Protect the Asynchronous Motor to reduce the damage of the motor and as well as the production loss.

2 To gain Safety of human

3 To extend the life of the Motor 

Project Implementation Method

1 Transformer:- Used to convert the voltage down the input incoming voltage from the three phase supply. And feed to the zero crossing detector.

2 Optocoupler:- In electronics, the opto-coupler, also called an isolator, is a component that transfers signals between two protected circuits by using light as sourse.

3 Voltage Measurement:- The input supply coming from the MSEB distribution is needed to measure.

4 Three Phase AC Power Convertor:- This block consists of the Power devices such as power SCR.The providing Gate pulses by the Arduino to the SCR according to the firing angle calculated by the Arduino it conducts. And gives the constant outputs to the load.

5 Arduino:- Arduino is the main basic block of this project. This has all the controls about the different inputs. That is, it takes the various inputs and process on that and gives the output.First the Arduino takes the input on the analog A0 pin and measure the incoming supply voltage. Then the according to the measured voltage the Arduino finds firing angle for the power devices nd gives the pulse as output.

6 Relay Module:We can control high voltage electronic devices using relays. A Relay is actually a switch which is electrically operated by an electromagnet. The electromagnet is activated with a low voltage, for example 5 volts from a microcontroller and it pulls a contact to make or break a high voltage circuit.

7 LM 35 Temperature sensor:

LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1 oC temperature rise in still air.   

7 LCD:LCD (liquid crystal display) is the technology used for displays in notebook and other smaller computers. Like light-emitting diode (LED) and gas-plasma technologies, LCDs allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. LCDs consume much less power than LED and gas-display displays because they work on the principle of blocking light rather than emitting it.

Benefits of the Project

The earlier proposed systems for three phase motor safety was deals with only break the connection and remove supply, if it goes above particular level. This system will stop motor operation completely. Proposed project in this paper is modified version of earlier system. With the help of ZCD, SCR, voltage measurement, Controller we have maintained firing angle such that motor will get constant RMS voltage irrespective of input supply fluctuation. Motor will be get protected from the problem of supply overvoltage without stopping its operation. 

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

1 The components which is use were not accessable by our group member.

2 We have problem in understanding the language of Ardiuno. 

3 we have financial issuse.

4 We face problem by testing the components

5 The three phase supply were not easily available.

6 We have group misunderstandings to full fil the project.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemType of Industry Manufacturing Technologies Internet of Things (IoT)Sustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	7756
Current Sensor Module 5A	Equipment	4	138	550
LCD Display	Equipment	4	110	440
Ardiuno	Equipment	4	250	1000
LM 35 Temperature Sensor	Equipment	4	38	150
3 Phase induction motor	Equipment	4	1000	4000
Rectifires	Equipment	4	75	300
Relay Driver Module	Equipment	4	100	400
Current Transformer	Equipment	4	100	400
Voltage Transformer	Equipment	4	99	396
On OFF Switch	Equipment	4	30	120